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Preserve and Enhance: Balancing Goals for the Internet

Learn lessons from 2004 on enhancing the Internet, scaling challenges, threat to end-to-end model, and addressing Spam in a rapidly evolving digital landscape. Explore technical responses to social issues and the importance of simpler designs.

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Preserve and Enhance: Balancing Goals for the Internet

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  1. Preserve and Enhance:Balancing Goals for the Internet APRICOT Kuala Lumpur – 2004 Dave Crocker Brandenburg InternetWorking <http://brandenburg.com/current.html>

  2. Things Are Different Today • The Net’s operation is more complex and less reliable • Firewalls, NATs, Routing partitions, Spam, Worms, internationalization (localization), “Governance” • The Net's architecture is reaching serious limits • Collaboration, Wireless, Mobility, Multihoming, Real-time audio and video, Peer-to-Peer • The Net’s technical community is fragmented • Poor cross-area communications, Long standards cycles, Narrow and complex specifications, political factions D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  3. Lessons: Recent Personal Experiences – I • Facsimile • Improve service, by copying related, existing service • Saves on debate about “needs” and “utility” • Instant messaging • Needs a QOS that is incompatible with today’s email • Difference between “protocol” and “service” • Internationalized Domain Names and Spam • Local criteria and actions, within global service • Technical response to social issues D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  4. Lessons: Recent Personal Experiences – II • Emergency services • Demand for periodic QOS • Possibility of local structure, without global coordination • Multiaddressing (mobility/multihoming) • Infrastructure vs. Endpoints • Common core vs. specialized mechanisms • IETF • Reduced timeliness and productivity • Fragmented, complicated mechanisms • And (sigh) ICANN • Nothing is mundane D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  5. Basics in Scaling: More and Faster Continue what we have been doing for 35 years Bandwidth: 56 kbps  1+ gbps Tune performance parameters Networks: 1  140,000+ Hierarchical and area routing Hosts and routers: 4  4 million(?) Address space, and maybe namespace Users: 500  500 million User Application Protocols: 5  13 Not so impressive… D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  6. Threat to End-to-End Model? • End-to-End has never been about “direct” exchanges • Packet-switching is based on mediation • Inter-networking – AS, OSPF vs. BGP • Email, of course • Mediation is our friend • Divide-and-conquer makes scaling tractable • Even “peer-to-peer” requires mediation, e.g., rendezvous • These are “tussle” boundaries (Clark, et al) • One challenge is that we have more tussles, at more levels • The real challenge is to make designs that anticipate boundaries D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  7. End-to-End Should Mean… • Design a peer-to-peer model, if possible • Design for interactions between endpoints • Internet model of minimal infrastructure service • Design complexity at the edges • When it becomes popular, it looks like infrastructure • Design for edge network versus edge host • Infrastructure net vs. edge net vs. edge host operation • When design must specify new infrastructure • Add it as adjunct to endpoints • Add it for special cases, only, if possible D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  8. Multiaddressing • Overlapping requirements Mobility: Different addresses over time Multihoming : Different addresses at the same time • Hosts need to add/remove locators dynamically • And it would be nice to preserve existing connections • Architectural challenges • Find a destination that is mobile or behind a firewall • Change the infrastructure versus add to transport or new “wedge” layer? • Separate identifiers from locators • New identifier space versus use existing one? • Put Identifier into every payload packet? D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  9. Spam • Email is more complex than people usually realize • And having to worry about human factors is distracting • Spam is a social problem • Technical solutions need to follow the social assessment • Technicians make bad social scientists • Social scientists make bad engineers • Complicated and simplistic solutions will be damaging • There is no such thing as an “interim” solution D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  10. Observations • New applications propagate very slowly • Modified applications propagate much slower • Rate of adoption depends of adoptee incentives • Internet architecture is getting more fragmented • Uncoordinated, piecemeal designs • Large, cumbersome designs • Failure to incorporate reality of user-driven intermediaries • Scaling issues get little serious attention during design • Large-scale use • Large-scale administration and operations D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  11. The Balancing Act • Simpler designs • Long list of “requirements” is for the future • Only a subset needs to be satisfied initially • Much quicker specification cycles • Permits incremental enhancement, based on experience • More cross-area coordination, sooner • Applications, operations, security, management D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

  12. Terima Kasih Internet boleh! D. Crocker Apricot – KL,2004

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