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(Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP)

WCRP and IGOS-Cryosphere Scientific and Observational Requirements: Food for Thought for STG. (Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP). Sponsors : World Meteorological Organization (WMO, since1980), International Council for Science (ICSU, since 1980), and

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(Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP)

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  1. WCRP and IGOS-CryosphereScientific and Observational Requirements: Food for Thought for STG (Vladimir Ryabinin, WCRP)

  2. Sponsors: World Meteorological Organization (WMO, since1980), International Council for Science (ICSU, since 1980), and Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO (since 1993) • Objectives • To determine the predictability of climate • To determine the effect of human activities on climate

  3. SPARC 1992 GEWEX 1988  SOLAS 2001 -> CliC 2000 CLIVAR 1995  Task Forces Crosscutting Issues Hydrological & Energy Cycle, CEOP Model Development Cryosphere, Poles + IPY WGNE CCMAC (WGCM) WGSF IPCC Model Runs Fluxes, Interactions WCRP Observation Assimilation Panel WCRP Modelling Panel Reprocessing Reanalysis Data Management Modelling Strategy, "Seamless" Prediction Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System ACC, Monsoons, Seasonal Forecasting, Ocean Reanalysis Bio Geo Chemistry Stratosphere Chemistry & Climate

  4. SPARC 1992 GEWEX 1988  SOLAS 2001 -> CliC 2000 CLIVAR 1995  2(2) 14(17) 15(17) 8(8) 2(3) 2(2) WGNE CCMAC (WGCM) WGSF WCRP Observation Assimilation Panel WCRP Modelling Panel Coordinated Observation and Prediction of the Earth System IGBP 3(5), WMO 6(11), SCAR 25(30)

  5. IPY Proposals Directly Related to CC science

  6. WCRP-affiliated IPY proposals (33)

  7. Main domains of WCRP interests as expressed in IPY proposals • Climate in general , its evolution • Meteorology and metobs • Cryosphere (ice cheets, ice shelves, glaciers, permafrost, frozen soil, icebergs, sea ice, snow, solid precip) • Hydrology, hydrological cycle • Polar oceans: T/S regime, currents, level • Ocean – atmosphere fluxes, interaction • Biogeochemistry, aerosols, carbon cycle • Observing (networks), modelling, forecasting

  8. WCRP-synthetisised requirement for IPY snapshot A polar snapshot with main focus on the physical climate systemencompassing the total column from the surface through troposphere and stratosphere to mesosphereincluding oceans, land, all elements of cryosphere, hydrology at the surface, standard meteorology, hydrological cycle, aerosols, and radiatively important constituencies in the atmosphere, having in mind parameters needed for resolving dynamics and fluxes between various domains + legacy !

  9. Comparison of NCEP and SOC latent heat flux climatologies Potential additional (vs WMO set and SCOBS analysis) sources of specific requirements for observations Polar snapshot: GIIPSY + CEOS constellations concept Climate system: GCOS and recent GCOS/CEOS reports Surface,oceans: IAOOS(14), Damocles(40), CASO (132) Surface,land: IGOS-Cryosphere Theme report + GTOS Cryosphere: IGOS-Cryosphere Theme report Hydrology: Arctc HYDRA (140) + river altimetry Meteorology: Thorpex(121) , Antarctic met (267), Arctic Reanalysis (lead Mark Serreze, NSIDC), SPARC Hydrological cycle in atmosphere: CEOP(418, not endorsed but it is a mistake!) Aerosols and atmospheric chemistry: IGACO Dynamics and fluxes: Seaflux (GEWEX), GlobIce; fluxes (esp. Polar) are a problem, in principle

  10. How WCRP will likely use the snapshot data in the future? Process studies, MIPs and model validation: SIOMIP, ArcMIP, ICARP modelling projects etc. & etc. ReAnalysis: meteorological -> ocean -> cryosphere -> chemistry -> fluxes, precipitation, climate system Reprocessing, WOAP OSSEs Change assessment, as a benchmark

  11. opens the door to the Main Earth observation coordination consortia • Integrated Global Observing Strategy-Partnership (IGOS-P), 13 international and UN organizations; • Committee on Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS), 45 space agencies and Earth observation data users operating more than 100 satellites; • Group on Earth Observations (GEO) and the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS)

  12. Integrated Global Observing Strategy (IGOS) Partnership UN Organisations Committee on Earth Observing Satellites WMO International science support and coordination programs Global Observing Systems

  13. What is an IGOS Theme ? • Idea to prepare a report approved by IGOSP • Report • Its review by the community • Approved Report (by CEOS SIT and IGOS Partnership) • Implementation IGOS Themes APPROVED GEOHAZARDS OCEANS WATER CARBON COASTAL Atm. Chem. UNDER DEVELOPMENT CRYOSPHERE LAND COVER GEODESY CONSIDERED HEALTH

  14. Cryosphere • is undergoing dramatic changes, mostly as a consequence of climate change, and provides best indicators for it • is one of the most under-sampled elements within the climate system • is important (water, climate, transport, etc.) Approved by IGOSP-11, Rome, Italy, 27 May 2004 • User-requirement product driven • Has a ~10 year time frame • Goal 1: resources for observations • Goal 2: stronger commitment by observing system operators to sustain the observing system • Goal 3: better coordination Team: Jeff Key (Chair)Mark Drinkwater (Vice-Chair) Don Hinsman (link to IGOSP) Ken Jezek and ~ 50 contributors from 14 countries

  15. developmentwebsite: (designed and run by J. Key) http://igos-cryosphere.org/

  16. Report Preface – to be rewritten Foreword Executive Summary – to be amended 1. The Cryosphere Theme 2. Applications of Cryospheric Data 3. Terrestrial Snow 4. Sea Ice 5. Lake and River Ice 6. Ice Sheets 7. Glaciers and Ice Caps 8. Surface Temperature and Albedo of Snow and Ice 9. Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground 10. Solid Precipitation 11. An Integrated and Coordinated Observing System 12. Implementation App. A. References App. B.Observational Capabilities and Requirements App. C. Satellite Missions in Support of the Cryosphere Theme App. D. Acronyms App. E. Contributors App. F. Web Sites for Further Information

  17. Chs 3-10 on cryospheric elements Terrestrial Snow Sea Ice Lake and River Ice Ice Sheets Glaciers and Ice Caps Surface Temperature and Albedo of Snow and Ice Permafrost and Seasonally Frozen Ground Solid Precipitation Short intro: role in Earth system, variability, scales, etc. Status of spaceborne, airborne and in situ observations Shortcomings, gaps, problems Concise element-specificrecommendations

  18. Appendix B

  19. Plan to be developed Perspective missions, needs outlined Specific areas of activities proposed Methodology proposed Most important products identified Ch 3: Terrestrial Snow Intro, status, shortcomings, recommendations: • A plan for surface-based snow-observation networks to be developed: national -> international levelconsistency: observation methods, reporting standards; improved exchange of dataConsiderably improved metadata for snow observations are needed. • The capability of satellite observations to be improved:support of new systems (e.g., E-GPM/CGPM and CloudSat for solid precipitation)support of algorithm developmenthigh-frequency (Ku, X-band) SAR a priority for global SWE • Priority to algorithms and new sensors for SWE under a wide range of vegetation conditions. • Techniques to merge in situ measurements and satellite retrievals:targeted field projects for snow, its albedo and surface temperature in multiple environments, “Super Sites” • Integrated multi-sensor data fusion and global analysis systems that blend snow observations from all sources and produce consistent high-resolution analyses of (at a minimum): 1) the extent of snow cover, 2) snow depth, 3) SWE, and 4) snow wetness using improved algorithms for the objective, optimal combination of snow observations from widely disparate sources, also addressing both mass and energy considerations of snow models.

  20. Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (1) Satellite remote sensing Ground based observations • SAR • InSAR • PM • Altimetry • Radar Scatterometry • VIS to Thermal IR • Gravity • Ground control • Major Gaps (mostly NPOESS) Airborne observations Modelling, Data Assimilation, Reanalysis

  21. Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (2) Data and Information Management: Need to have common means toview data, see gaps, combine / overlay data, process data jointly, etc., etc. GIS: Virtual globes by GeoVirtual, Google Earth, NASA World Wind, ESRI ArcGIS Explorer, Skyline's TerraSuite, and many more… Challenge for IGOS Themes, need for a joint approach (GeoVirtual)

  22. Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (3) Integrated near-real time products: CEOP-like approach More stations Cryo Obs Cryo Models Some stations In-Situ Data Archiving Center at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Researchof USA Model Output Data Archiving Center at the World Data Center for Climate,Max-Planck Institute for Meteorology of Germany Data Integrating/Archiving Center at the University of Tokyo and JAXA of Japan Cryo Products! Joint with IGWCO, built around snow and precip

  23. Ch 11: An Integrated and Coordinated System (4) Related polar observing systems: Southern Ocean CliC, Arctic-HYCOS CLIVAR, CliC, SCAR, … IASC, AOSB, CliC, … Arctic-HYDRA CASO iAOOS

  24. Ch 12: Implementation (1) Many partners (international, regional, national): ~ 30 Cryospheric community of practice Links within IGOS and IGOS Themes:There is no mechanism yet for combining domain–specific requirements for observations and proposing to observing system operators (e.g. satellite agencies) requirements for missions, sensors and their characteristics which would be optimal and acceptable for all Themes Implementation of CryOS as a stand-alone system (a new observing system ??!!) will be nonsensical. Integration of IGOS Themes (with help of GEO?) is needed.

  25. Ch 12: Implementation (2) General recommendation by IGOS-Cryo to IGOS: In-situ and airborne: complementary work of observing stations, platforms, an inventory required (first step – IPY legacy) Space: strengthen inter-agency coordination (one of first steps made by CEOS/GCOS wrt UNFCCC), from virtual to real constellations – GIIPSY, SAR Interoperability, resource sharing: GIS, “virtual globes”, GRID - IPY DIS is heading towards this

  26. Phases: 1: 2007-2009, IPY, e.g. GIIPSY 2: 2010-2015 3: After 2015 Implementation Way forward Open review: deadline 15 January 2007, work is about to start on incorporating comments received Major flaw to resolve ASAP: ice shelves, also missing in the GIIPSY plans! Submission to CEOS and IGOS – March, April 2007 Approval expected at the end of May 2007 Printing: June 2007 Thank you !

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