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Class 33: After Vatican II

Class 33: After Vatican II. Ann T. Orlando 12 April 2006. Introduction. After Vatican II Paul VI Sexual Ethics Liberation Theology John Paul II Benedict XVI. Pope Paul VI (1963-1978). Closed Vatican II First Pope to travel extensively Building bridges to Orthodox faith

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Class 33: After Vatican II

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  1. Class 33: After Vatican II Ann T. Orlando 12 April 2006

  2. Introduction • After Vatican II • Paul VI • Sexual Ethics • Liberation Theology • John Paul II • Benedict XVI

  3. Pope Paul VI (1963-1978) • Closed Vatican II • First Pope to travel extensively • Building bridges to Orthodox faith • Kiss of peace in Jerusalem with Patriarch • Lifted mutual excommunications of 1054 • Humane Vitae

  4. Humanae Vitae, 1968 • Pope Paul Vi rejects advice of commission established by John XXIII to investigate artificial birth control • Declares Church opposition to artificial birth control • Church has the duty and right to apply the natural moral law • Especially the Pope • Arguments against birth control are based on Natural Law and God’s design of creation • Not arguments that carry much weight post-Enlightenment

  5. Liberation Theology • Two forces to driving development • Christian theological response to Holocaust • Latin American theology in opposition to traditional Christian theology; opposed to ‘developmentalism’; that is political change from within existing political institutions • Theodicy • In both cases, theology in response to political and social circumstances • In both cases calls into question applicability of ‘traditional’ Christian theology

  6. European Political Theology • Johann Metz (1928 - ) • Student of Rahner • Political theology as fundamental; necessary to counter Enlightenment • Opposed to ‘bourgeois’ religion; Church must identify itself with suffering, especially in Third World • Must remember the suffering of holocaust • Jurgen Moltmann (1926 - ) • God is experienced in suffering; • God is with us when we suffer • God suffers • Emphasis on human freedom in how we handle suffering

  7. Latin American Liberation Theology • Gustavo Gutierrez (1928- ) • Radical political change tied theologically to realized eschatology • Jesus’ mission in world to bring kingdom of God justifies radical politics • Church as sacrament in world; realized kingdom of God • Juan Segundo (1925-1997) • Traditional Christian faith too intertwined with Western civilization • Faith as an ideology • Liberation of theology from Western norms • Return to Scripture, without deformations of Western philosophy

  8. John Paul II (1978-2005) • Do you remember how stunned you were that a Polish Cardinal had been elected?????? • Non-Italian • Cold War • Most traveled Pope in history • First Encyclical, Redemptor Hominis, 1979 • Looks forward to 2000 • Modern man is afraid of his own achievements; progress or threat? • Principle of solidarity; applied as moral principle to economic progress

  9. Veritatis Splendor, 1993 • Meditation on Mt 19:16, “Teacher, what good must I do to have eternal life?” • Science and Technology do not free man from search for truth about himself and God • That search has a moral component that touches every aspect of human life • Magisterium is crucial to properly forming individual conscious • Natural law is valid, permanent, universal • Moral law is part of truth about man • Genuine freedom is found in our image and likeness to God • Freedom is dependent upon truth

  10. The End of the Life of John Paul II • Do you remember how one year ago the entire world was fixated for two weeks on John Paul II’s death and burial? • Can you explain the 24x7 media coverage? • In terms of citations world-wide covering a 2 week period; bigger story than 9/11

  11. Benedict XVI • Much more Augustinian than Thomistic • Reality of sin • Man’s ability alone cannot save him • Theology of Cross rather than Incarnation • Concerns about VII • Peritus at VII • Does not sufficiently criticize Enlightenment • Seems to encourage Church to accommodate herself to Enlightenment • Although has issues with liberation theology; agrees with some of their criticisms of contemporary Western culture • Relationship between relativism and democracy • Democracy should be based on natural law and human dignity; not on notion that every one’s opinion is equally valid • Christian faith opposed to relativism • “Only the truth makes us free.” • What is the Church? Kasper-Ratzinger debate • All that having been said • DCE released on Christmas Day • All about Love

  12. One Girl’s View: A Reflection from Aquinas Applied to Contemporary Situation • Aquinas was worried about ‘Dead Faith’ meaning everyone believed (or said they did), but very few acted with charity. This, according to Aquinas was faith that was dead and not a virtue; IIa IIae Q4 a4 • I think the problem now is ‘Dead Love’; many people say they are peaceful loving caring people but try to do this without the truth of faith. This is love that is dead and not a virtue • Relation between Church and Individual Catholic • Radical individualism, subjectivism, relativism • Need to understand what it means to form conscience • Pascal was right: many people live in present moment without considering end of life • Relation between Church and Society • Proper model for Church in world • Religious pluralism • Ethical use of science • Ethics in law; what is basis of justice? • Reduced image of Church, especially hierarchy, in North America and Europe

  13. Assignments • Deus Caritas Est, http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20051225_deus-caritas-est_en.html • Kasper-Ratzinger debate in America Magazine, 2001 • http://www.americamagazine.org/gettext.cfm?textID=1569&articleTypeID=1&issueID=333 • http://www.americamagazine.org/gettext.cfm?articleTypeID=1&textID=1250&issueID=351

  14. Quiz Review: Quiz Structure • Wednesday, May 3 at 9:00 am • Similar format as midterm • Closed book, closed notes • Matching people and events with descriptions (25 pts) • Definitions (25 pts) • Match quotes from readings to authors (25 pts) • Two Essays (25 pts)

  15. Epistemology Natural Law Papal infallibility Rerum Novarum Romanticism Enlightenment Theodicy Theory of Evolution Kulturkampf Relativism Definitions: One or Two Sentence Definitions of Following (25 free points)

  16. Quotes • Will not be tricky • Five quotes, 8 authors • If you were paying attention during class and discussions, this should not be hard • Do not feel like you must go back and carefully re-read everything • What were some of the most important things we read? • John Locke, Letter on Toleration • Thomas Jefferson, Letter to Danbury Baptist Society • St. Just, Republican Institute • Chateaubriand, Genius of Christianity • Pius IX, Syllabus of Errors • Leo XIII, Rerum Novarum • Guardini, Spirit of Liturgy • Benedict XVI, Deus Caritas Est

  17. Quiz Essay Questions • Another Free 25 Points; be prepared to respond to these two questions • Pick one: Pius IX, Leo XIII, Pius X, Benedict XV, Pius XI, Pius XII, John XXIII, Paul VI, John Paul II. Describe their historical circumstances and how they reacted to them. • Describe how the relation between Church and State has evolved since 1600 • Answers must be very specific, with many names, places, and thought as to how they relate.

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