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The Rock Cycle

The Rock Cycle. Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups (Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic). Also see figure 1.12 on page 16 of the student textbook. Major Rock Groups. Igneous Formed from a melt (i.e. molten rock)

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The Rock Cycle

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  1. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups (Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic)

  2. Also see figure 1.12 on page 16 of the student textbook.

  3. Major Rock Groups • Igneous • Formed from a melt (i.e. molten rock) • Plutonic (i.e. intrusive): slow cooling and crystallization from a magma. • Volcanic (i.e. extrusion): quick cooling at the surface (lava). • Sedimentary • Formed at the Earth’s surface. • Clastic (mineral fragments or grains, clays) • Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) • Metamorphic • Changed by pressure, temperature and hot chemical fluids.

  4. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

  5. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  6. IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  7. Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  8. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  9. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  10. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  11. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Lithification Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  12. Remember • Lithification = • Sediment turns to sedimentary rock by the processes of compaction and cementation.

  13. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Lithification Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

  14. Remember • Note that the process of melting is not involved or associated with metamorphism. • Note that the grade of metamorphism could be increased (e.g., low-grade metamorphic rocks to high-grade metamorphic rocks) as the conditions of metamorphism are increased.

  15. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Lithification Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  16. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Lithification Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  17. In Conclusion… • The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups. • It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth as well as Earth’s momentum and the energy from the sun. • It involves processes on Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior. • It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

  18. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Lithification Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

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