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Health-Process-Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Peritonitis

Health-Process-Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Peritonitis. Derrick K. Chua, M.D. Jeffy G. Guerra, M.D. 1. What is the OMMC Surgery’s operational concept of peritonitis?. Peritonitis- inflammation involving the parietal peritoneum. 2. What are the causes of peritonitis?.

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Health-Process-Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Peritonitis

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  1. Health-Process-Evidence-based Clinical Practice Guidelines forPeritonitis Derrick K.Chua, M.D. Jeffy G. Guerra, M.D.

  2. 1. What is the OMMC Surgery’s operational concept of peritonitis? Peritonitis- inflammation involving the parietal peritoneum

  3. 2. What are the causes of peritonitis? Presence of the following inside the peritoneal cavity: • Infectious material (bacteria, TB, fungi, viruses) • Inflammatory material (chemicals, cytokines, foreign bodies)

  4. 3. What are the types of peritonitis? • Based on agent of cause • Microbial- bacterial, TB, fungal, viral • Noninfectious- chemical, physical, cytokine • Based on origin of cause (table 1) 1º, 2º, 3º • Based on specific cause (table 2) • Based on extent of involvement • Localized • Generalized

  5. Table 1- Types of Peritonitis Based on Origin of Cause

  6. Table 2- Types of Peritonitis Based on Specific Cause

  7. 4. What are reliable signs and symptoms (more than 90% certainty) that will indicate that a patient has peritonitis? Persistent or progressive abdominal tenderness and guarding.

  8. 5. If a paraclinical diagnostic procedure is needed in a patient with suspected peritonitis, what is the most cost-effective procedure? Serial abdominal examination (observation).

  9. 6. What is the most cost effective treatment in patients with peritonitis? Depends on type of peritonitis, e.g. • Noninfectious or viral peritonitis- supportive • Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis- antibiotics • TB peritonitis- antituberculosis drugs • 1º in CAPD- antibiotics + removal of catheter if antimicrobials fail • Secondary peritonitis- address the cause e.g. prevent further contamination by repairing the perforation ± antibiotics • Persistent/ recurrent peritonitis- surgery + antimicrobials for hospital pathogens

  10. 7. What are conditions that a patient with peritonitis do not need surgery? • 1º peritonitis • 2º peritonitis from uncomplicated inflammation of vital viscera • Noninfectious peritonitis except when involving macro foreign bodies

  11. 8. What are the treatment goals for peritonitis? • Resolve the infection • Prevent complications

  12. 9. What is the best timing for surgery in patients with peritonitis? • Peritonitis 2º to visceral ischemia- before gangrene (~4hrs) sets in. • Generalized peritonitis 2º to visceral perforation- as soon as possible after adequate (not necessarily complete) resuscitation. • Localized peritonitis 2º to visceral perforation- as soon as optimized. • 3º peritonitis- as soon as optimized. • 2º to uncomplicated non-vital visceral infections that would recur, semi-elective if initially responsive to antibiotics.

  13. 10. What is/are the most cost-effective procedure in preventing postop complications? Use of drain when necessary, only when necessary. Proper choice of antibiotics when necessary.

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