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Measurements of SAXS signal during TATB detonation using Synchrotron radiation

Measurements of SAXS signal during TATB detonation using Synchrotron radiation. K.A. Ten 1 , V.M. Titov 1 , E.R. Pruuel 1 , I.L. Zhogin 2 , L.A. Luk’yanchikov 1 , B.P. Tolochko 2 , Yu.A. Aminov 3 , V.P. Filin 3 , B.G. Loboyko 3 , A.K. Muzyrya 3 , E.B. Smirnov 3.

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Measurements of SAXS signal during TATB detonation using Synchrotron radiation

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  1. Measurements of SAXS signal during TATB detonation using Synchrotron radiation K.A. Ten1, V.M. Titov1,E.R. Pruuel1,I.L. Zhogin2, L.A. Luk’yanchikov1, B.P. Tolochko2, Yu.A.Aminov3, V.P.Filin3 , B.G.Loboyko3, A.K.Muzyrya3, E.B.Smirnov3 1Lavrentiev Institute of Hydrodynamics, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Institute of Solid State Chemistry and Mechanochemistry, Novosibirsk, Russia 3RF-NC VNIITF, Snezhinsk, Russia XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  2. Introduction. The problem of carbon condensation at detonation of oxygen-deficient high explosives is still open to question. It is important both for understanding the physics aspect of the phenomenon and for evaluation of the amount of energy released at exothermic coagulation of carbon clusters. According to literature data on comparison of computational and experimental data on acceleration of very thin metal plates by products of detonation of oxygen-deficient high explosives, such process is described with a better accuracy under an assumption of carbon condensation behind the chemical reaction zone, or as is the convention in the detonation theory, behind the Chapman-Jouget plane, which separates the reaction zone from the gas-dynamic flow of the explosion products [1,2]. For the time being, sizes of condensed carbon nano-particles at explosion of high explosives can be experimentally registered only through diffraction methods using synchrotron radiation (SR) [3]. 1. J. A. Viecelli, F. H. Ree. Carbon particle phase transformation kinetics in detonation waves.//Journal of Applied Physics, Vol 88, Num 2, 2000, p 683—690. 2. K.F.Grebenkin, M.V.Taranik, A.L.Zherebtsov. Slow energy release in detonation products of HMX-based explosives: computer modeling and experimental effects.// Zababakhin scientific talks, International Conference, Snezhinsk, Russia, 10-14 September, 2007, p. 76 3. V.M.Titov, B.P.Tolochko, K.A.Ten, L.A.Lukyanchikov, E.R.Pruuel. Where and when are nanodiamonds formed under explosion ? //Diamond & Related Materials. V.16, Issue 12, 2007. P. 2009-2013. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  3. Problem Acquisition of experimental information on the time history of condensed carbon nano-particles at detonation of oxygen-deficient high explosives. Methods Dynamical recording of small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of synchrotron radiation from the VEPP-3 accelerator. Application of highly-periodic synchrotron radiation (SR) from the accelerator complex VEPP-3 to measuring SAXS with exhibition for 1 ns allows tracing development of the signal in the course of detonation of high explosives. Samples Cylindrical samples of 15 mm (TNT and TNT/RDX) and 20 mm (TABT (1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzol, standard 11903-538-90) and PCT(TABT-based plasticized compound, standard 75 11903-539-90))in diameter were under study. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  4. Setup of explosion experiment at VEPP-3 4 detonationproducts SAXS detector Electron bunches detonation front VEPP-3 wiggler SR Transmitted beam detector explosive beryllium windows Explosion chamber Pulse period – 250 ns, frame time - 1 ns XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  5. 4. ROKK-1M Detector KEDR Acceleration complex VEPP-3 - VEPP-4 is the basis of the detonation experiments XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  6. Experimental assemblies View of an explosion lens with a primary charge near it. General view of an experimental assembly. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  7. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE is the scattering angle, XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  8. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE SAXS signal versus the scattering particle diameter in TNT. The calculations were performed subject to the VEPP-3 spectrum and spectral sensitivity of the DIMEX detector.The angle is given in the numbers of the detector channels. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  9. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE Dependence of the form-factor on the size of the scattering spheres. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  10. Contrast influence Computed angular dependence of SAXS on the TNT charge thickness. The calculations were performed subject to the VEPP-3 spectrum and spectral sensitivity of the DIMEX detector.The angle is given in the numbers of the detector channels. . XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  11. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE detector DIMEX SAXS Detonationproducts The yellow arrow denotes the incident SR beam; the violet cone designates the X-ray scattering on carbon nano-particles. Sample of HE SR XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  12. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE rad Rad, Dmin = π /q max = λ/(4θmax) ≈ 2,0 nm, Dmax = π/qmin = λ/(4θmin) = ~ 75 nm. SAXS distributions at detector tuning. D is for SR beam closure by blade K3, B is for SAXS from the sham, C is for position of the borderline of the SR beam (passed radiation). The angle is given in the numbers of the detector channels. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  13. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE. The angular dependencies of SAXS signal at detonation of a ТATB sample.Different colors show frames recorded with an interval of 0.5 μsec. Frame Q corresponds to the detonation front. The angle is given in the numbers of the detector channels. . XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  14. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurementsat detonation of HE The angular dependencies of SAXS signal at detonation of ТNT. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  15. Determination of nano-particle sizes by the Guinier formula θ = h 10-4 SAXS distribution behind the detonation front in TATB with an interval of 0.5 μsec. The red line (by the Guinier formula) corresponds to the particle size D - 2.5 nm.

  16. Determination of nano-particle sizes by the Guinier formula Nano-particle size versus time at trotyl/hexogen (50/50) detonation. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  17. Determination of nano-particle sizes by the Guinier formula Nano-particle size versus time at TABT detonation. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  18. Measurement of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on nano-particles Dependence of integral SAXS signal on time at detonation of trotyl/hexogen (50/50), TNT, and TABT XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  19. Measurement of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on nano-particles Conclusions The measured SAXS distributions show that nano-particles of d~2.5 nm are registered immediately after the detonation front. Then the particle size is increasing weakly and reaches d 4-5 nm by the moment t=3 μs, in TNT/RDX. In TNT and TATB charges, the growth of particles is slower: by the same time, their size is d2.5 nm for TATB and d4 nm for TNT. Thus no traces of nano-diamonds were registered at detonation of TABT samples of 20 mm in diameter. Even if there are such nano-diamonds, their size does not exceed 1 nm. The arising graphite-like particles are of d2.6 nm. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  20. Thank you for your attention! Благодарю за внимание! XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  21. Measurement of small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on nano-particles XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

  22. Determination of nano-particle sizes from the Guinier formula Nano-particle size versus time at PCT detonation. XIV International Detonation Symposium, April 11-16, 2010, Coeur d`Alene, Idaho

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