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Solutions

Solutions. Solutions: Basic Definitions. Solute – substance that is being dissolved Solvent – substance that dissolves the solute Solution – a mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture. Solutions: Basic Definitions.

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Solutions

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  1. Solutions

  2. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Solute– substance that is being dissolved • Solvent– substance that dissolves the solute • Solution– a mixture of substances that has a uniform composition; a homogeneous mixture

  3. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Soluble– when a substance will dissolve in another substance (salt & water) • Insoluble– when a substance will not dissolve in another substance (sand & water)

  4. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Miscible– when two liquids are soluble in each other (alcohol & water) • Immiscible– when two liquids are not soluble in each other (oil & water) • Aqueous– dissolved in water

  5. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Unsaturated solution- If the amount of solute dissolved is less than the maximum that could be dissolved • Saturated solution- solution which holds the maximum amount of solute per amount of the solution under the given conditions • Supersaturated solution- solutions that contain more solute than the usual maximum amount and are unstable.

  6. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Suspension– mixture containing particles that will settle out if left undisturbed (cornstarch & water) • Colloid– heterogeneous mixture that will not settle out if left alone (blood) • Emulsion– colloid in which a liquid is suspended in another liquid (mayo)

  7. Solutions: Basic Definitions • Electrolyte– solution that conducts an electric current • Non electrolyte– solution that does not conduct an electric current

  8. Supersaturated Solutions • They cannot permanently hold the excess solute in solution and may release it suddenly. • Supersaturated solutions are made by dissolving a solute in the solution at an elevated temperature and then slowly cooling the solution.

  9. Reading Solubility Graphs According to the graph above, about how many grams of KBr are needed to make a saturated solution in 100 g of water at 30° C? 70 g KBr

  10. Reading Solubility Graphs According to the graph above, what kind of solution would you have if you dissolved 10 g of KCl in 100 g of water at 0°C? Unsaturated

  11. Solubility • Solvation– process of surrounding solute particles with solvent particles to form a solution • The rule for dissolving solutions is “like dissolves like”. • Polar substances will dissolve in polar solvents • Non polar substances will dissolve in non polar solvents • Non polar will NOT dissolve in polar and vice versa

  12. Increasing the Rate of Solution • Agitation • Increasing Temperature • Increasing Surface Area

  13. Agitation • Increases the speed of the particles • speeds up the dissolving process in solids.

  14. Increasing Temperature • More collisions of particles as temperature increases.

  15. Particle Size (Increasing Surface Area) • Smaller particles dissolve faster than larger particles. • more surface area • Sugar cube vs. ½ teaspoon sugar • Teaspoon will dissolve faster

  16. Solubility of a gas • Two main factors that affect the solubility of a gas in a liquid • Temperature • Normally, the higher the temperature, the faster a solute will dissolve…NOT with a gas! • In a gas, the cooler the temperature, the faster the gas will dissolve

  17. Solubility of a gas • The second factor affecting the solubility of a gas is pressure • Pressure • The higher the pressure, the more gas that will dissolve • Think of a coke bottle…What will happen if you leave the lid off?

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