中考英语语法

1. 中考英语语法

2. 第十四讲 定语从句

5. 第一部分：知识储备

6. 定语从句的知识储备 1、主动与被动 2、学会分析句子成分 3、特殊疑问句

7. 定语从句--- • 啥叫定语:修饰方式也 • 啥叫从句 • 啥叫定语从句

9. 主谓宾状---解释状语---练习调顺序 • 解释定语概念---有名词的地方就有定语 • 汉语修饰方式—统统前置 • 英语修饰方式---形容词前置，其他统统放名词后面

10. 定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例）定语可以由形容词、代词、数词、名词、分词、不定式、介词短语等来担任，修饰名词。(以分词、介词短语为例） 例： Mary is a beautifulgirl. The girl behind the treeis Kate. The man driving too fastwas a drunk.

11. 戴眼镜的 一个 高个子的 女生 girl tall with the glasses a who wears glasses

12. 第二部分：拆分法

13. 拆分法—拆、找、合 • 一个戴眼镜的女孩在上课 • 拆：拆成有同一个字的两个句子。 • 一个女孩在上课，这个女孩戴眼镜。 • 找：找同一字 • 翻译句子 the girl is having class; the girl wears glasses • 根据特殊疑问句的知识，在第二句找出特殊疑问词 • the girl wears glasses—who • 合：把特殊疑问句紧挨着同一字放上去 • The girl who wears glasses is having class

14. 拆分法学定语从句 • 这个戴眼镜的学生在吃饭 • 拆：拆成有两个同一词的两个句子 • 这个学生在吃饭，这个学生戴眼镜 • The student is having dinner, the student wears glasses • 找: the student wears glasses---who • 合: The student who wears glasses is having dinner • 我们用我05年买的电脑 • 拆：We use the computer, I bought the computer in 2005. • 找： I bought the computer in 2005.—which • 合； We use the computer which/that/不填 I bought in 2005.

15. 我在街上遇到了这个我以前在上海交的朋友 • 我在街上遇到了这个朋友，我以前在上海交朋友 • I met the friend on the street. I made the friend in Shanghai. • Who/Whom I made in Shanghai. • I met the friend who I made in Shanghai on the street • 他喜欢这个以前唱流行歌曲的主持人host • 他喜欢这个主持人，他以前唱流行歌 • He likes the host. The host sang pop songs. • He likes the host who sang pop songs. • .

16. 对物的定语从句 • 提高练习：请写全下列从句的连接词 • 他们享受了你们给的礼物 • They enjoyed the gifts which you gave. • They enjoyed the gifts that you gave. • They enjoyed the gifts you gave.(不填) • 分析: 对物，宾格情况下，有三种连词which/ that/不填 • 汤姆收到了一份从伦敦邮寄来的卡片send • Tom received a card. The card was sent in London. • Tom received a card which/that was sent in London.

17. 对状语的拆分 • 例: 我们参观了鲁迅曾经居住过的房子. • 拆：We visited the house. Luxun lived in the house. • 找：Luxun lived in the house– where • 合: We visited the house where Luxun lived. • 难点: 学习判断地点时，到底是宾语还是状语。宾语成分用which; 地点状语成分用where. • 例: 我们待在据说是鲁班建造的房子里 • 拆: we stay in the house. It is said that Luban built the house. • 找:It is said that Luban built the house.—which • 合: We stay in the house which it is said that Luban built.

18. 关系代词的用法 关系代词在从句中可以： √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ × √ √ √ × √ √ × 做宾语时可以省略 何时可以省略？

19. Whose的用法 • 例：我喜欢去有悠久历史的地方 • 拆：I like to visit a place. The place’s history is long. • 概念颠覆： • His book– whose book. • Tom’s book– whose book • The place’s history– whose history • 找：The place’s history is long.—whose • 合: I like to visit a place whose history is long. • 例：Do you know the woman whose name is Mary. • 例：Pass me the dictionary of which cover is black. • 总结：whose引导的定语从句,whose在从句中作定语,修饰表示人或物的先行词. 对物可用whose, of which 两种

20. 第三部分：介词问题

21. 关系代词与介词 介词放在关系代词的前面时,介词宾语只能用which代物, 和whom代人。(介词在末尾时,关系词可以省略) 1)This is the hero( whom/that/who/不填) we are proud of. This is the hero of whom we are proud . 2)She is the girlwhom/that/who/不填I went with there. She is the girl withwhom I went there. 注意: 固定动介词组不可分割,介词不能提前.例如:look after,look at …

22. 第四部分：that问题

23. 定语从句中需注意事项（一） • 有些情况下只用关系词that,而不宜用which

24. 从句所修饰的词又被形容词最高级或 序数词修饰时,只能用that引导从句. • This is the most interesting story( that )I have ever heard. • The first meeting( that) we will take part in will be held in the afternoon.

25. 2. 先行词是all, something, nothing, anything不定代词时,只能用that. • Here is something( that) I will tell you. • Not allthat glitters is gold.

26. 先行词既有人也有物时,只能用that引 出从句 • I can remember well the persons and some pictures(that) I see.

27. 先行词是one of,the one, 或用much, little, • few, no, any作修饰，用that • Is it the onethat you want ? • We haven’t got much that you can offer us.

28. 当主句已有疑问词who或which时，关系词用that • Which is the bike that you lost? • Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?

29. 定语从句中需注意事项（二） • ※ who、that在许多情况下 • 可以通用，但有时宜用who,而不用that

30. 先行词是one(s), anyone, someone, those 时，关系词使用who。 • Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here. • 在there be 句型中，先行词指人,关系词用who • There is an old man who wants to see you. • There are many young men who are against him.

31. 不能用that的情况 • 1、非限制性定语从句不用that • 2、介词前置时不用that • 3、关系副词不用that

32. 第五部分：关系副词

33. 附加部分 ————关系副词 • 关系副词是用来引导定语从句的，它和关系代词一样，具有 多重作用。 • 在从句中代替先行词。 • 在从句中作状语。 • 连接作用

34. 关系副词有三种： where: 在从句中作地点状语,指代地点. when:在从句中作时间状语,指代时间。 why:在从句中作原因状语,指代原因。

35. 关系副词的用法： • 1.where 的用法：(先行词应是地点名词） • The hotel wasn’t clean. + We stayed at the hotel. We stayed where. =The hotelwhere we stayed wasn’t clean. 先行词 ＝ 关系词 从句

36. 时间状语when • 例:我总是记得我们相遇的那一天 • 拆：我总是记得那一天。我们相遇在那一天。 • I always remember the day. We met on the day. • 找：on the day– when • 合: I always remember the day when we met.

37. 原因状语why—固定句型the reason why… • 例：这就是你总是迟到的原因。 • This is the reason why you are late. • 例：这就是我邀请你参加晚会的原因。 • This is the reason why I invite you to take part in the party.

38. 第六部分：中考真题

39. 1Friends are thosemake you smile, always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. • A. which B. what C. whom D. who • 2It’s quite common in Britain to say “Thank you” to the drivers for peopleget off the bus. • A. who B. what C. which D. where • 3---Barbara, where do you work? • ---I work for a company sells cars. • A. which B. where C. what D. who • 4---Do you know Hong Zhanhui? • ---Yes. He’s the college student has moved Chinese people. • A. who B. which C. what D. whom

40. 5Jamie is a young cookwants to improve school dinners. • A. who B. whose C. whom D. which • 6---- Do you know the girl in red is? • ----I’m not sure. Maybe a teacher. • A. when B. how C. where D. what • 7Paul’s uncle is the man taught us math last year. • A. where B. which C. who D. when • 8The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a diseasehas caused many deaths. • A. who B. which C. whom D. what

41. 9Is that the manhelped us a lot after the earthquake. • A. whose B. which C. when D. who • 10---The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it? • ----Yes, it has built many schoolsthose children can study happily. • A. where B. when C. which D. what • 11The panda is a kind of animalcan be found only in China. • A. who B. whose C. which D. where • 12__have finished the work can leave. • A. Those who B.Any one • C. The one who D. which

42. 13I like the musicI can dance to. • A. that B. whose C. when D. how • 14---Is the girl is interviewing the manager of that company your friend? • ---Yes, she is a journalist from CCTV. • A. whom B. which C. who D. whose • 15 I like to visit a placehistory is long. • A. which B. that C. whose D. who • 16The number of peoplelost their lives in Indonesian earthquake reached as many as 6200. • A. which B. who • C. whom D. whose

43. 17a robot is a machine can do some difficult work instead of man. • A. who B. / C. that D. what • 18--Excuse me, can I have a talk with your manager? • ----Yes? I am just the manyou are looking for. • A. whose B. what C. who D. which • 19Rosa likes music is quiet and gentle. • A. when B. that C. where D. who • 20The book he bought yesterday is very interesting. • A. / B. why C. when D. what

44. 21 I’m a football fan. I’m interested in everythingis about the 2006 World Cup. • A. who B. that C. where D. when • 22My parents usually buy me some simple clothes can last a long time. • A. who B. that C. whom D. whose • 23---Do you like the red car is made in Tianjin? • ----Sure, it looks terrific. • A. where B. who C. which D. when

45. 1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who.1.D.考点分析:先行词之人且在从句中作主语是，关系代词用who. • 2.A.考点分析:people是定语从句的先行词，指人，且在定语从句中作主语，故关系代词用who. • 3.A.考点分析:先行词是a company, 所以关系代词用which. • 4.A.考点分析:先行词是the college student大学生，是指人，且在从句中作主语，故选择who. • 5.A.考点分析:先行词是Jamie,是人，且在从句中作主语。 • 6.D.考点分析:由答语teacher得知，是询问职业，故用what. • 7.C.考点分析:先行词为the man,且在从句中作主语，故用who. • 8.B.考点分析:先行词是a disease, 指物，关系代词应用which或that. • 9.D.考点分析:先行词是the man, 且在从句中作主语，故用who. • 10.A.考点分析:先行词是many schools, 表地点，在从句中作地点状语，故用where. • 11.C.考点分析:本句先行词是animal, 是物，故用which. • 12.A.考点分析:主句主语为those, 谓语为can leave. Those又是后面who引导的定语从句所修饰的先行词。关系代词的意义、人称、数相当于先行词。定语从句谓语为现在完成时态，助动词have表明，先行词应为复数。

46. 13.A.考点分析:how不能引导定语从句，应先排除；先行词是the music, 是物，that在从句中作宾语。 • 14.C.考点分析:先行词是the girl,指人， 引导词在从句中做主语，用who. • 15.C.考点分析:先行词是a place, 后面是history, 所以应该是这个地方的历史很久了。所属关系用whose. • 16.B.考点分析:先行词是people, 是人， 从句中作主语，用who. • 17.C.考点分析:what不能引导定语从句，关系代词作主语不能省略，先行词为表示物的名词machine,故用that. • 18.C.考点分析:先行词为the man, 在从句中作宾语，可以用who. • 19.B.考点分析:先行词是music, 是物，用that。 • 20.A.考点分析:book为先行词，引导定语从句的关系代词应用which或that.,在从句中作宾语可省略。 • 21.B.考点分析:先行词为不定代词，定语从句要用that引导，在从句中作主语。 • 22.B.考点分析:先行词clothes为物，用that. • 23.C.考点分析:先行词car为物，在从句中作主语，用which.