US History 1865 to Present!

1. US History 1865 to Present! By Heather Brown

2. Table of Contents • Reuniting the Nation (slide 3 through 15) • Getting Down to Business (slide 16 through 21) • A Nation Transformed (slide 22 through 26) • Progressive Era (slide 27 through 33) • Spanish American War (slide 34 through 38) • The End (slide 39 through 40)

3. I. Reuniting The Nation

4. Reconstruction • African Americans migrated from the north to the south after Northerners won the civil war • Black code was put into effect so that African American’s weren’t treated fairly and couldn’t vote (KKK, pole taxes, literature tests, fines) • Carpetbagger’s took advantage of the Southern people because they were poor, and Northern military soldiers watched the Southerners while they were trying to put there land back together after the war

5. Happy Days Are Here Again! • Congress was forced to decide who won the presidential election, Tilden or Hayes. • John Hayes won the presidential election. • After he became president he made Northern troops withdraw from the South and Reconstruction ended!

6. Amendment Timeeee! • The 13th amendment stated that slavery was official illegal and it was no longer allowed • The 14th amendment stated that all people have equal and protected rights under the law • The 15th amendment stated that everyone had the right to vote, no matter the race, color, or servitude.

7. Lincoln, Lee, Douglas • Abe Lincoln was the 16th president of the United states. He abolished slavery after writing the Emancipation Proclamation. He was a great leader, but he was assassinated by John Wilks Booth. • Robert E. Lee was the confederate general of the Confederate Army, who helped the North win the war. They won because of his powerful battle strategies. He also tried to get the Southerners to join the Confederate Army. • Fredrick Douglas was a former slave with a powerful voice for peoples right and civil liberties. He was an abolistionist who helped slaves join the military and built a freed mens school. He was such a successful man because he fought for what he wanted.

8. Increased Population In The West • People from the south migrated to the west for reason such as new economic opportunities, freedom, improved transportation, opportunity to own land, and for the transcontinental railroad. • The land the the west a treeless wasteland, flat, and there was nothing there. Perfect for dry cropping, sharecropping, and trading. • The west was also known as the Great American Desert.

9. Settling The Western Frontier • The American frontier was a prairie that was located pretty much anywhere west of the Mississippi River. • All different kinds of stockholders came to live on the frontier (farmers, women, Mexicans, Us Military, Freedmen, etc.). • Buffalo Soldiers came to the Western Frontier to clear railroad tracks, and protect the land and military in the American (Western ) frontier.

10. Regions and Cities that relate to the West • Southeast • Southwest • Midwest Pacific • Rocky Mountain regions • Santa Fe • Salt Lake City • San Antonio • Seattle • St. Louis • Denver • Chicago

11. Inventions • The barbed wire was made to fence cattle in so they wouldn’t run away. • The steel plow made to • dry farming • sod houses • beef cattle raising • wheat farming • windmills

12. Cattlemen VS Farmers • In Oklahoma burglars would stand around the rim of sections of land in Oklahoma and wait for someone to blow the budge. Then people would run, ride horses, or use wagons and rush to claim land. • Lincoln signed the Homested Act, that turned over public land to private domain (head of household, over 21, could claim up to 160 acres of land with a total fee of $18). • Cattlemen sold cattle for high prices to people in the east. But after the they put the railroad in beef prices went down. • Farmers put up barbed wire which upset the ranchers. And railroad prices were very high for the farmers.

13. Transcontinental Rail • The union Pacific started in Omaha, Nebraska and central Pacific started in Sacramento, California. The central and union Pacific met in the middle at Promontory Point, Utah and made the transcontinental railroad. • About 20,000 worker worked on the railroad (most were Chinese). The railroad took about four years to build. • Because of the building of the railroad, boom towns sprang up! • Native Americans were not happy about the Transcontinental Railroad at all.

14. Native American Warfare •Settlers stole the Natives horses, and kept moving the Indians off of their land. This made the Indians extremely mad. •The Indians used the every part of the buffalo for food, protection, and every day needs. But what made them mad was that landowners killed the buffalo for fun. •Crazy Bull and Sitting Horse killed Custer and all of his soldiers, because they were angry and disrespected. •The Indians leader, Geronimo, opposed to the westward expansion of the settlers.

15. Quiz Time! Q:What did the 14th amendment state? A: All people have equal and protected rights under the law. Q:Who were the two Native Americans that killed Custer? A: Crazy Bull and Sitting Horse

16. II. Getting Down to Business

17. Industrial Revolution •During the revolution workers were usually immigrants, skilled and unskilled. •They moved natural resources such as iron ore, copper, lead, and forest material to eaternfactories. During this time financial recources such as grants and tariffs were used to help businesses grow. Transportational networks like the steamboats, canals, and railroads were invented for easier and faster travel.

18. Important Men • Thomas Edison was an inventor who found the most uses for electricity, such as the light bulb, phonograph, and the talking motion picture. • Alexander Graham Bell was the inventor of the telephone. The telephone used electricity to transmit human speech. • Henry Ford invented the assembly line. He designed the Model-T automobiles. The assembly line made making the cars fast and affordable.

19. Competition Among Businesses • A few of the main causes of growing businesses were lower product production cost, mass production, and wider availability of consumer goods. • Bad trusts were made to try to eliminate competition. • In1890 the Sherman Anti- Trust Act was passed. This act tried to keep trusts from ending competition.

20. Working Conditions During Industrialization • The working conditions during industrialization were dangerous and exhausting for people during this time. • Conditions like brutally long working hours, unsafe working conditions, sweatshops, child labor, and low wage caused harm and sometimes death to he working immigrants.

21. Strikes and Unions • The two main labor unions were the Knights of Labor and the American Federation of Labor (AFL). These labor unions included women, blacks, skilled and unskilled employees. • Terence Powderly was the leader of the Knights of Labor. Samuel Gompers was the leader of the AFL. • Many strikes went on at this point in history. The main strikes that took place were the Haymarket Strike, the Homestead Strike, and the Pullman Strike.

22. III. A Nation Transformed

23. Immigrants Coming to America Reasons- • The immigrants came to America for the hope of a better opportunity and for religious freedom. Also, for more adventure and to escape from oppressive governments. Urban Growth- • A things in America started changing the people started moving north, this was called the Great Migration. • After cities were built and different forms of transportation were made people moved from rural to urban land.

24. Treatment of Immigrants • Political machines are corrupted politicians who helped immigrants to get housing/jobs in exchange for votes. • The citizens went to the government to try to reduce the amount of immigrants in America. • In 1882 the US banned Chinese immigrants from coming into America for ten years. This was called the Chinese Exclusion Act. • In 1908 Roosevelt made an agreement with Japan to not let and Japanese immigrants into the US. Any Japanese living in the US already were not to own a home. This was the gentlemen’s agreement with Japan.

25. City Reformers Jacob Riis • Jacob Riis was a historical photo journalist. He documented the lives of the poor. • Riis helped illustrate needs for slums, tenements, and ghetto communities into his photo. • After seeing these conditions that the poor went through Jacob Riis wrote a book called How the Other Half Live. This book brought the average person into the shoes of a poor person. Jane Addams • Addams was a rich woman that, that worked diligently to make changes in the city of Chicago by helping the poor. • She built the Hull House which offered classes and activities to help homeless people learn, so they can get a job.

26. What’s that you say? It’s a QUIZZZZ! Q: When was the Chinese Exclusion Act passed? A: In 1882 Q: What was the book How the Other Half Live about? A: It was about the bad living conditions poor people live in, such as tenements, slums, and the ghetto.

27. IV. Progressive Era

28. Causes of the Progressive Era 1.Industrialization- Problems like unskilled workers, child labor, low wages, long working hours, and dirty business practices caused problems for the US, and was 1 of the main reasons for the Progressive Era. 2.Immigration- Because of immigrants America was becoming over populated/crowded, prejudice, and discriminated against. 3.Political- Spoils systems and political corruptions was one of the leading causes of the Progressive Era.

29. Teddy Roosevelt • Teddy thought that the Panama Canal would be an easier way to trade and travel. They built it from 1904 until 1914. And Teddy was correct, this made it easier to trade and travel. • The Big Stick Policy passed by Roosevelt stated that the US was to act as a policeman to the Caribbean. “Speak softly and carry a big stick.” • He was known as a trustbuster, that broke bad trusts to allow competition. • In1906, Roosevelt passed the Pure Food and Drug Act to make food and drugs safer for Americans. • The Meat Inspecting Act was passed by Teddy because of unsanitary working conditions. This act stated that all food had to be USDA approved. • Roosevelt went on a camping trip with John Muir and decided that our land needed to be conserved, so he made National Parks.

30. People of the Progressive Era • John D Rockefeller was the inventor of standard oil. He was also a millionaire philanthropist. • Ida Tarbell was a muckraking newspaper journalist. She broke down Rockefellers standard oil plan by telling what he was really doing. • WEB Dubois was the inventor of the NAACP, and fought for equal rights. He worked hard to investigate the wrong treatment of African Americans. • Upton Sinclair created a novel called “The Jungle” that told the dirty secrets of food factories. • Thomas Nast was a political cartoonist that told the people that “Boss” Tweed was a sleazy criminal. • William “Boss” Tweed was the political boss of New York. He was a corrupted crook that took 1/3 of what was given by the city. • Robert Lafollette was the senator and the governor of Wisconsin. He fought for political corruption. • John Muir was an environmentalist that studied plant life, and helped Roosevelt make the decisions of National Parks.

31. African Americans • In the south Jim Crow Laws were enforced by whites onto African Americans, making it nearly impossible for them to vote. White groups(such as the KKK) stood in front of voting polls and gave African Americans unfair literature tests, made them pay poll taxes and threatened them because they didn’t want them to vote. • In the case of Plessy VS. Ferguson it was stated that separate but equal was okay. African Americans were not allowed to used the same bathrooms, entrances, or fountains as white people. • African Americans weren’t considered citizens until the year of 1924.

32. Women’s Movement • Jane Addams established a settlement house called the Hull House for immigrants and women in slum neighborhoods. • Carry Nation was a strong woman who fought against the use of alcohol and started the temperance movement. • Woman’s suffrage was the right to vote. This was the main idea of the 19th amendment and increased educational opportunities of women.

33. More Amendments! • 16th- Income tax • 17th- Election of Senator by the voters • 18th- No alcohol (manufactured or sales) • 19th- Women could vote!!!  (Elizabeth Cady Stanton worked for women’s suffrage)

34. V. Spanish American War

35. Reasons for War • The war started because we wanted natural resources from everyone. Sugar cane and pineapple from Alaska. Oil, timber, gold, copper, and fur from Alaska. And sugar cane from Cuba. • The biggest reason for the war was the sinking of the USS Maine by the Spanish. • Americans wanted more economic diversity. • We wanted to own more refueling stations, and make more trade routes. • Basically we wanted to feel powerful and like we had more than everyone else.

36. Spanish American War • During the Spanish American War McKinley was the president. • On February 15,1898 the Spanish blew up the USS Maine . • On April 20, 1898 McKinley declared war against Spain. • The Battle of Manila Bay was the first major battle of the war. This battle took place in the Philippians. • The Battle of San Juan Hill was the second major battle of the Spanish American War. This battle took place in Cuba and the Buffalo Soldiers mostly fought by Buffalo Soldiers. • On August 12, 1898 Spain signed a truce that ended the war. After the war America owned Puerto Rico, Guam- Philippians, Cuba, and the Wake Islands.

37. Results of the Spanish American War • After the war Cuba gained there independence after we made them wait for a long time. • Spanish possessions were given to America as a reward for there win: Guam- Philippians, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Wake Islands. • After winning our first war out of our own country the US emerged as a world power. • Emilio Aguinaldo led a revolt for the Philippians to be free from America, and eventually we gave them freedom in1947.

38. Quiz! Q:What were the four pieces of land that we gained after the Spanish American War? A: Guam, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Wake Islands. Q: What was the name of the ship sunk by the Spanish, that caused the war? A: The USS Maine.

39. WW1

40. Vocabulary • Nationalism-loyalty and devotion to a country • Militarism- a policy of aggressive military preparedness • Alliance- bond between two countries • Assassination- to murder a prominent person by sudden or secret attack • Treaty-agreement or negotiation made by countries • Armistice- agreement between opponents • Conflict- prolonged fighting • Telegram- message by telegraph • Zeppelin- an airship filled with gas; blimp • Invasion- entrance of an army into a country for a conquest • Hemisphere- half the earth • Rebellion- uprising against the government

41. Reasons for Involvement in WW1 • Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie. • Britain set up blockade on Germany • Allies with Great Britain • Zimmerman Telegram • Sinking of the Lusitania off the coast of Ireland

42. Weapons & On the Homefront • Trench Warfare • U-Boats and zeppelins • Bi-planes and tanks • Poison gas • Gas masks • Machine guns

43. Supporting the War Effort • Meatless Tuesdays • No wheat on Mondays and Tuesdays • Military draft for the war- because soldiers were dying because of the spread of flu) • Liberty bonds were purchased- low interest loans to the government, sold by boy scouts • Collected tin cans, paper, toothpaste tubes, and apricot pits

44. American Expeditionary Force • Led by John Pershing • Two million men were sent to fight in the war. • They used the ‘convoy’ system to get supplies from Britain. • Armistice Day ( Veterans Day )

45. Treaty of Versailles • Germans were blamed for the war • The treaty put limits on German military • Germany was forced to give reparation payments. • Formation of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia • Formation of the Soviet Union

46. US Role in World Affairs • The US returned to isolationism after there involvement in WW1. • Involvement in world markets • League Of Nations was REJECTED, because it would have required US to guarantee freedom of all other nations.

47. 1920’s

48. Vocabulary • Speakeasies- illegal bar people went to during Prohibition • Bootleggers- people who made there own illegal liquor • Moonshine- illegal liquor • Flapper- woman who defined the moral of earlier generations (lipstick, bobbed hair) • Bob- a type of short hairdo that young women in the 1920’s considered fashionable • Repeal- change an amendment; take it back • Red scare- fear of communism • Jive- slang talk of the 1920’s • Prohibition- alcohol wasn’t allowed to be made, transported, or sold

49. Inventions and Electrification in the 1920’s • Henry Ford- mass production, automobile • Vacuum • Toaster • Sewing machine • Fridge • Family car • Telephone • washer • Entertainment • Pole sitting • Jazz • Movies • Crossword puzzles

50. Amendments!!!!! • 18th Amendment- no alcohol! (sell, buy, or make) Prohibition was established. Speakeasies were created after this amendment went into effect. • 19th Amendment- African American men got the right to vote, and legislation was passed. • 21st Amendment- stopped the Prohibition Era!