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Chapter 45

Chapter 45. Structural Drafting. Introduction. This chapter introduces basic concepts and drawing methods Expected of an entry-level drafter in an architect’s or engineer’s office Refer to the text for a project example

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Chapter 45

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  1. Chapter 45 Structural Drafting

  2. Introduction • This chapter introduces basic concepts and drawing methods • Expected of an entry-level drafter in an architect’s or engineer’s office • Refer to the text for a project example • Main objectives: to coordinate various plans and to draw coordinated details that correspond to different areas of the building

  3. Plan the Drawing • Plan views for similarities • Start with the floor plan • Get a general understanding of the structure • Move to upper level and work to lowest • Shows loads that must be supported as work progresses (e.g., beams of roof supported by columns, pedestals on slab plan, and footings at foundation)

  4. Plan the Drawing (cont’d.) • As you work on various plans, study details that relate to the plan • Gives a better understanding • Should result in faster drawing production

  5. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings • Calculations • Mathematical solutions to particular problems • Printed following related problem • Drafter is given a set of specifications and is expected to determine the goal of the engineer • Then translates results into working drawings • Typically means skipping over math work

  6. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Sketches • Provided by an engineer • Tools to help solve calculations • Drafter uses them as a guide to determine size and material to be used

  7. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Drafter is expected to study similar jobs and details for common elements • Common notes • Common connection methods • Also expected to consult vendors’ catalogs for specific details of prefabricated material

  8. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Drawing layout methods • Group all plan views together • Then all roof details, all concrete details, and so on, in the same order of plan views • Group a plan view with all related details • Show roof plan and then roof details • Show slab plan and then slab details

  9. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Methods of assembling a project • Drafters in architectural and structural firms typically work with CADD • Well-suited to CADD drafting because of layering possibilities • Develop a base drawing • Use external referencing to bind material to base drawing

  10. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Refer to the text for a list of common commercial layer names including: • Civil drawing layer names • Architectural layer names • Structural layers

  11. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Annotation • Important factors to considered before placing text: • Who will use the drawing • Information the text is to define • Scale factor of the text

  12. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Annotation (cont’d.) • Text placement • Location of text relative to drawing and within drawing file • Text orientation should be parallel to bottom or parallel to right edge of the page • Text is generally placed within inches of the object • Much of the text used can be standardized and placed in a template drawing

  13. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Annotation (cont’d.) • Text placement (cont’d.) • On details, text can be placed within the detail if large open spaces are part of the drawing • It is preferable to keep text out of the drawing • Text should be aligned to enhance clarity • Text should be placed on a layer with a major group code of ANNO

  14. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Annotation (cont’d.) • Types of text • Title • General notes (e.g., project, discipline, sheet, reference keynotes) • Simplified keynotes • Local notes

  15. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Managing drawings at multiple scales • Drawing sheets can be assembled for plotting using layouts and viewports • Each time you enter a layout, you’re working with a floating viewport • Allows you to look through the paper and see the drawing in model space • Displays drawing in layout for plotting

  16. Procedure–From Calculations to Working Drawings (cont’d.) • Detail coordination • As you draw each detail, provide room for: • Title • Scale • Detail marker under detail

  17. Order of Precedence • Text project (refer to the text): • Includes sketches and engineer’s calculations • Has some very large errors • Helps you to learn to think as a drafter • If you find an error, do not make changes until you have discussed them with the engineer (instructor)

  18. Order of Precedence (cont’d.) • Follow this order of precedence: • Written changes by engineer (instructor) as change orders • Verbal changes given by engineer (instructor) • Engineer’s calculations • Information written in goals, project, and method is more reliable than sketches

  19. Order of Precedence (cont’d.) • Follow this order of precedence (cont’d.): • Sketches by the engineer (text) • Lecture notes and sketches • Your own decision • Should it come to this, check with your instructor

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