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About Omics Group

About Omics Group.

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About Omics Group

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  1. About Omics Group OMICS Group International through its Open Access Initiative is committed to make genuine and reliable contributions to the scientific community. OMICS Group hosts over 400 leading-edge peer reviewed Open Access Journals and organize over 300 International Conferences annually all over the world. OMICS Publishing Group journals have over 3 million readers and the fame and success of the same can be attributed to the strong editorial board which contains over 30000 eminent personalities that ensure a rapid, quality and quick review process. 

  2. About Omics Group conferences • OMICS Group signed an agreement with more than 1000 International Societies to make healthcare information Open Access. OMICS Group Conferences make the perfect platform for global networking as it brings together renowned speakers and scientists across the globe to a most exciting and memorable scientific event filled with much enlightening interactive sessions, world class exhibitions and poster presentations • Omics group has organised 500 conferences, workshops and national symposium across the major cities including SanFrancisco,Omaha,Orlado,Rayleigh,SantaClara,Chicago,Philadelphia,Unitedkingdom,Baltimore,SanAntanio,Dubai,Hyderabad,Bangaluru and Mumbai.

  3. High frequency modulation for injection locking of mid-infrared QCL Maria Amanti A.Calvar, M. Renaudat Saint-Jean, S. Barbieri, C. Sirtori, A. Bismuto, J. Faist, G. Beaudoin, I. Sagnes In collaboration with:

  4. Quantum cascade lasers (QCL): fundamental concepts 1) QCLs are unipolar devices based on intersubband transitions Laser diode • Transition energy depends only on layer thickness • Ultrafast carrier lifetime (ps) • Photon energy is fixed by chemistry • Carrier lifetime of ≈ 100 ps

  5. Dynamical properties of lasers: Transfer function Photon population Current modulation • a • tup = t3

  6. Dynamical properties of lasers: Transfer function Photon population Current modulation • a • tup = t3

  7. vs Diode lasers QCL atot = 10 cm-1 tphoton ≈ 10 ps t3 ≈ 1 ns t3 ≈ 0.3 ps j/jth=1.3

  8. Motivations • Stabilization and control of the laser modes via direct modulation • Frequency Combs for spectroscopy Molecular absorption in the MIR • Mode locking for mid infrared non linear optics Nature Photonics 6,440–449 ,(2012). Time

  9. Stabilization of the laser cavity modes: toward frequency combs Laser Bias Optical spectrum Microwave spectrum wB Optical Intensity wn-1 wn wn+1 ωB Frequency FWHM give an insight on the noise of the cavity modes

  10. Stabilization of the laser cavity modes: toward frequency combs Laser Bias Optical spectrum • Modulation at ωinj: wB Optical Intensity winj winj wn-1 wn wn+1 Frequency

  11. Stabilization of the laser cavity modes: towardfrequencycombs Laser Bias Optical spectrum Microwave spectrum • Modulation at ωinj=ωB wB Optical Intensity winj winj wn-1 wn wn+1 Frequency ωB

  12. Stabilization of the laser cavity modes: towardfrequencycombs Laser Bias Optical spectrum Microwave spectrum • Modulation at ωinj close to ωB wB Optical Intensity winj winj wn-1 wn wn+1 ωinj ωB

  13. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimental set-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector BuriedQCL @ 9 µm in InGaAs/AlInAs

  14. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimental set-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector Modulation Beat note of the cavity modes FWHM= 1.2MHz

  15. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimental set-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  16. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  17. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector Locking of the optical modes to the external RF source

  18. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector Tuning of the cavity modes with the external modulation

  19. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector Tuning of the cavity modes with the external modulation

  20. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  21. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  22. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  23. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  24. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  25. Direct modulation of a QCL @ 9mm Modulation Experimentalset-up Spectrum analyzer QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector wm ≈1MHz Modulation Beat note of the cavity modes Injected power : 20 dBm

  26. Evolution of the locking with the emitted optical power BuriedQCL @ 9 µm in InGaAs/AlInAs

  27. Evolution of the locking with the emitted optical power @ 1.7 kA/cm 2 BuriedQCL @ 9 µm in InGaAs/AlInAs

  28. Evolution of the locking with the emitted optical power @ 2.0 kA/cm 2 @ 1.7 kA/cm 2 BuriedQCL @ 9 µm in InGaAs/AlInAs

  29. Evolution of the locking with the emitted optical power @ 2.0 kA/cm 2 @ 2.4 kA/cm 2 @ 1.7 kA/cm 2 No locking BuriedQCL @ 9 µm in InGaAs/AlInAs

  30. Coupled oscillators Theory Microwave modulation Laser oscillations Modulated signal Cavityfield wB winj wn-1 wn wn+1

  31. Coupled oscillators Theory Microwave modulation Laser oscillations Modulated signal Cavity field wB Microwave losses (propagation losses, impedence mismatch) winj wn-1 wn wn+1

  32. Coupled oscillators Theory Microwave modulation Laser oscillations Modulated signal Cavityfield wB winj wn-1 wn wn+1 Locking range Siegman, A. (1986). Lasers. University Science Book Razavi, B. (2004). Solid-State Circuits, IEEE, 39(9):1415-424.

  33. Coupled oscillators Theory Microwave modulation Laser oscillations Cavityfield Modulated signal wB winj wn-1 wn wn+1 Modulation power Locking range Optical power Siegman, A. (1986). Lasers. University Science Book Razavi, B. (2004). Solid-State Circuits, IEEE, 39(9):1415-424.

  34. Coupled oscillators theory wm wm wm

  35. Mir QCL embedded in a microstrip line MIR QCL guide

  36. Mir QCL embedded in a microstrip line MIR QCL guide Microwave line

  37. Mir QCL embedded in a microstrip line MIR QCL guide Microwave line • Design: • Control of the losses in the MIR • Good overlap of the microwave with the active region Thickness of the InP claddings Width of the top contact

  38. Simulations of the optical and microwave modes • Drude model for the calculation of the complex refractive index • Finite element 2D simulation in the plane of the facet

  39. Microstripvs Standard Buried heterostructure Modulation response ≈ 15 GHz Improvement of the bandpass up to ~ 15 GHz Calvar et al Applied Physics Letters 102, 181114 (2013)

  40. Microstripvs Standard Buried heterostructure Similar performances Calvar et al Applied Physics Letters 102, 181114 (2013)

  41. Microstripvs Standard Buried heterostructure Similar performances dBm dBm FWHM 1,2 MHz FWHM 100 kHz Calvar et al Applied Physics Letters 102, 181114 (2013)

  42. Direct modulation of a microstrip QCL @ 9mm Modulation QCL 65 GHz band QWIP detector

  43. Direct modulation of a microstrip QCL @ 9mm Renaudat Saint-Jean et al Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, 443-449

  44. Direct modulation of a microstrip QCL @ 9mm Locking range Beatnote (Δω) Locking over more than 1.5 MHz Signal at the modulation frequencyωm Renaudat Saint-Jean et al Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, 443-449

  45. Direct modulation of a microstrip QCL @ 9mm Broadening of 40 % (13 cm-1) of the spectrumwidth Renaudat Saint-Jean et al Laser & Photonics Reviews 8, 443-449

  46. Microstripvs Standard Buried heterostructure Microstrip laser Standard laser 20 dBm No effect on the beatnote

  47. Coupled oscillators theory

  48. Coupled oscillators theory Microwave losses for the microstripreduced of a factor 10 respect to standard buried

  49. Conclusion: • Injection locking of QCL emitting in the mid infrared via direct modulation • Design and realization of waveguide embedded in a microstrip line: • Reduction of a factor 10 of the microwave losses • Locking over more than 1.5 MHz with 10 dBm modulation Power THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

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