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Wildlife Management

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Wildlife Management

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    1. Wildlife Management

    2. Historical Attitudes Idealistic view of man Primitive tools Fewer killed, connection balanced nature

    3. Historical Attitudes Reality: man may have caused extinction of nearly all large mammal species -North American 10,000 years - Easter island extinctions Mammoths, mastodon Horse, camel, rhino Driving over clifts Seasonal mass kills

    4. Historical Attitudes Genesis 1:28 “be fruitful, multiply and subdue the earth and have dominion over the fish of the sea, fowl of the air and over every living thing that moves on the face of the earth.” Judeo christian heritage vs eastern philosophy

    5. Impact of Domestic Animals Rise of domestic animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, chickens loss of predators Lions and wolves -Europe Cheetahs, tigers, cougars -elsewhere

    6. Impact of Domestic Animals Domestic cat/dog England study 2-5 birds/mice killed per day by well fed town cats Feral dogs & cats

    7. Spread of Civilizaton Birth of civilization Fertile crescent farming 10,000 yrs ago

    8. Spread of Civilization Spread of Cities Market Hunting for meat Day 1949 1000 ducks/day in 6 months - Virginia 14,000 per week – Iowa 10 cents per duck (sold at market for meat

    9. Spread of Civilization Hunting for Fashion: Hats swans, egrets, herons Trumpeter swan Over 100,000 killed/50 yrs 1853 – 1877 = 20,000 killed 1888 –1897 = 57 killed Then went out of style

    10. Theodore Roosevelt President, Hunter, Conservationist Owned 2 ranches The Wilderness Hunter (1893) Friends with Pinchot Forest & water most vital internal problems (in 1908!!)

    11. Theodore Roosevelt -Man of contrasts Big game hunter Shot specimens for the American Museum of Natural History Major league hunter Compared to: 1st National Wildlife Refuge Pelican Island, FLA Saved egrets & herons Women’s hats suffered Bird watcher – life list

    12. Bison in North America Coexist with humans thousands of years until 1850. Native american use: Hides, shelter, clothes Meat for food Sinews for bowstrings Dung for fuel

    13. Bison in North America Massive slaughter Starve indians Clear railroad Killed over 30 million in less than 100 years New record for world kill of any species of mammal Passenger pigeon still tops

    14. Bison bones After slaughter Waiting to be shipped out east to fertilizer plants

    15. The Passenger Pigeon Most numerous bird on earth 19th century Flocks of thousands of birds 1871, WI, 2200 km 2, 136 million birds Extinct due to: Hunting Behavior – needed large colonies to reproduce.

    16. Extinct Species Carolina Parakeet Auk Steller’s sea cow Labrador duck Pleistocene mammals

    17. Labrador Duck Johnsgard (1968) on the Labrador Duck “It disappeared so swiftly that it’s difficult to compose an obituary. We don’t even know where it nested, what it ate or what it’s downy chicks looked like.

    18. Near Extinctions Wood ducks Prairie chicken Wild turkeys California Condor Peregrin Falcon Indiana Bat

    19. Problems of Excess Deer Reindeer Winter flocks Blackbirds Starlings Grackles cowbirds

    20. Impact of Predator Control Coyote # 1 evil Red fox Wolves Cougars bobcats weasels

    21. Bounties, Bait & Blunders in Michigan: $1,209,500 -no noticeable reduction in weasels 3000 coyotes killed in 10 years, no decline seen following years.

    22. Exotics & Introduced Species Ring neck pheasant Non-native Compete with quail Brown trout Compete with US trout Black Grouse failure

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