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How is hair formed? Are all hairs shaped the same? What determines hair straight/curliness?

Discover the intricate elements attached to the integument and how hair, glands, and nails are formed. Uncover the secrets behind hair texture, color, and structure. Explore clinical implications, such as skin cancer and healing processes, in this comprehensive guide.

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How is hair formed? Are all hairs shaped the same? What determines hair straight/curliness?

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  1. What are some of the elements that are attached to or secreted onto our integument (skin and hair)? Oct 2 • How is hair formed? • Are all hairs shaped the same? • What determines hair straight/curliness? • What determines hair color? • What are some classic clinical implications related to hair content and appearance? • How are fingernails formed? • What glands are located on our skin? • Lab Exam next week! Look at Ted’s Tissue Tips! • MONDAY October 7th: 20 point-20 question Lecture Quiz on tissues up to notes covered up to end of today (Chapters 5,and 6). • .

  2. The five types of glands opening to the skin: sebaceous, apocrine, merocrine (eccrine), mammary and ceruminous. These glands dump their secretion into a tube called a “duct” that carries the secretion to the body surface.

  3. Bulb- Papilla- Capillaries- Root/Shaft- Epith. Sheath- Keratin- How is a hair (pilus) formed by the cells/structures in hair follicles?

  4. What factors determine the texture of your hair? Curly vs. Straight • Flat vs. Round hairs • Perms=disulfide cross links- • Types of Hair: Lanugo Vellum Terminal Vibrissae • Air Pockets in the Hair: • Shape and insulation/buoyancy? • DNA Testing and hair:

  5. How to naturally color your hair? Polygenetic traits- Melanin- Trichosiderin- Grey hair- Albino hair- Dyes? Why raise hairs? Arrector Pili Muscle: Communication: Insulation: Protection: Goose bumps…. The pilus in cross-section consists of a cuticle, cortex and medulla (air pocket). How do hair conditioners effect hair?

  6. Different Pigments=Different ColorsDifferent –s-s- bonds => Diff. curls

  7. Nail fold- Nail matrix- Cuticle (Eponychium) Nail plate- Nail body- HypoNYCHIUM- Cleaning your nails- Growth rate- Nutrition, Iron, Hypoxia Fingernails are really neat structures because they provide a bone-like but still flexible backing to the ends of our fingers.

  8. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and is becoming more common due to a terrible health habit “Tannning”! Freckles and Moles: often indicate previous damage to cell and perhaps (DNA) and may progress into cancers Why do skin cells need to have such high rates of mitosis and why do they need to maintain excellent mitotic control? Three Major Skin Cancer Types: 1A) Basal Cell Carcinoma: arise from Stratum Basale and are not too dangerous because they rarely metastasize 2B) Squamous Cell Carcinoma: arise from stratum spinosum and sometimes(uncommon) metastasize to lymph nodes 3C) Malignant Melanoma: Most dangerous, least common (5%)! Most common in light-skinned people! Often originate from a melanocytes in a mole! ABCD Rule: Asymmetry? Border irregularity? Color? Diameter?

  9. Fig. 6.12

  10. What is the response of the body to a rip in the skin that passes through into the dermis? • Why bleed perfusely? • Scabs and macrophages? • Fibroblast activation? • Pus formation? • Macrophage/fibroblast infiltration? • Angiogenesis/granulation tissue? • Epidermal migration? • Fibrosis/scarring/remodeling? • Whats up with “proud flesh”, keloids and scars?

  11. What determines burn victim healing potential? Who is left with a scar and how bad will the scar be? • Burn Severity: 1st, 2nd and 3rd Degree • Degree indicates depth of epithelial cell death • 1st: What causes freckles? • 2nd: What are the specific epidermal reserves found inside the dermis? • 3rd: What if you have no reserves left? • Future health problems: sun, exercise, infections? • Future Burn solutions?

  12. Burns (sun, acid, heat) are graded for severity based on the depth of tissue damage (integument layer). A third degree burn has totally destroyed the hair follicle endings, as a result epithelial cells must be grafted to return them to the damaged location.

  13. The Rule of “NINES” for burn assessment:Each of 11 areas is about 9% of total surface.It is a Critical IF:1) If +10% of area has3rd degree burns2) If +25% of area has second degree burns3) If there are 3rd degree burns on hands, face or feet

  14. Burns and Your Health Outcome: • Sunburns are often prevented by using hats, long sleeve shirts or UV protective lotions. • UV light damages the regions of DNA (genes) that make proteins that control cell division rates in the cell. • Cells in the Stratum Lucidum and Cornea have no DNA and cannot become cancerous! • Burns can also come from chemical or radiation sources! • Severe Burns (3rd Degree) can cause death of the victim: • 1) Bacteria can freely enter the body because there is no basement membrane or areolar tissue to prevent infection…nasty systemic infections often occur! • 2) The person usually dehydrates to death because there is no integument to hold in the body fluids…..nasty! • 3) ↑Percent of skin surface burned ↓Survival

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