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Agenda

Agenda. VPN tunnels Configuration of basic core network components Maintenance of Cisco devices Exercises & troubleshooting. Abbreviations. AP – Access Point AH – Authentication Header AZR – Access Zone Router AGR – Aggregation Router

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Agenda

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  1. Agenda • VPN tunnels • Configuration of basic core network components • Maintenance of Cisco devices • Exercises & troubleshooting

  2. Abbreviations • AP – Access Point • AH – Authentication Header • AZR – Access Zone Router • AGR – Aggregation Router • AG – Access Gateway (e.g. Cisco SSG, Juniper ERX) • CSA – Central Site Area • DHCP – Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol • DMVPN - Dynamic Multipoint IPsec Virtual Private Network • EIGRP – Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol • ESP – Encapsulating Security Payload • GRE – Generic Routing Encapsulation • HSA – Hotspot Area • IKE – Internet Key Exchange • IPSec – Internet Protocol Security • NHRP – Next Hop Resolution Protocol • OSPF – Open Shortest Path First (Routing Protocol) • PPTP – Point-To-Point Tunneling Protocol • SSG – Service Selection Gateway • VPN – Virtual Private Network

  3. AGR - Aggregation Router • Interfaces • interface to AGR (there are possibilities to create connection to more then one AGR) - GRE tunnel with IPSec is configured over this link • interface to APS – typically Ethernet. • loopback • Routing • The AGR participate in dynamic routing protocol. • The following networks shall be spread out: • all networks to AZRs • network to AG (SSG) • network to management network • network to other AGRs if such connection is realized • Default gateway shall be set on SSG in central configuration or on WIP in decentral configuration • Multipoint IPsec • AGR may work as a hub in DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN) configuration

  4. AZR - Access Zone Router • Interfaces • interface to AGR (there are possibilities to create connection to more then one AGR) - GRE tunnel with IPSec is configured over this link • interface to APs – typically Ethernet. • loopback • Routing • The AZR participate in dynamic routing protocol. • The following networks shall be spread out: • Network(s) to AGR(s) • networks to APs • Default gateway shall be set on AGR or AGRs in case of multiple connections • Multipoint IPsec • AZR may work as a spoke in DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN) configuration

  5. DHCP • DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is an open, industry-standard protocol that reduces the complexity of administering networks based on TCP/IP • All DHCP messages are carried in User Datagram Protocol (UDP). Datagrams use port 67 at the server and 68 at the client. • DHCP Request for an IP Address

  6. DHCP Benefits to TCP/IP Network Administrators • Simplifies problems associated with manual addressing • Centralized administration of IP configuration • Dynamic host configuration • Seamless IP host configuration • Flexibility • Scalability

  7. Configuring DHCP on Cisco router • Enabling the Cisco IOS DHCP Server and Relay Agent Features Router(config)# service dhcp • Excluding IP Addresses Router(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address low-address [high-address] • Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Name and Entering DHCP Pool Configuration Mode Router(config)# ip dhcp pool name • Configuring the DHCP Address Pool Subnet and Mask Router(dhcp-config)# network network-number [mask | /prefix-length] • Configuring the Domain Name for the Client Router(dhcp-config)# domain-name domain • Configuring the IP Domain Name System Servers for the Client Router(dhcp-config)# dns-server address [address2 ... address8] • Configuring the Default Router for the Client Router(dhcp-config)# default-router address [address2 ... address8] • Configuring the Address Lease Time Router(dhcp-config)# lease {days [hours][minutes] | infinite}

  8. Example of DHCP configuration on Cisco router • ip dhcp excluded-address 10.100.1.1 10.100.1.30 • ! • ip dhcp pool ZONE1 • network 10.100.1.0 255.255.255.0 • default-router 10.100.1.1 • domain-name domain.i250 • dns-server 192.168.201.2 • ! • interface FastEthernet0/1 • ip address 10.100.1.1 255.255.255.0

  9. DHCP troubleshooting • Router# show ip dhcp binding • Router# show ip dhcp server statistics • Router# show ip dhcp conflict [address] • Router# clear ip dhcp binding {address | *} • Router# clear ip dhcp conflict {address | *} • Router# clear ip dhcp server statistics • Router# debug ip dhcp server {events | packets | linkage}

  10. Exercise • Configure DHCP server on AZR • Check if client gets ip address from DHCP server

  11. Routing • Static Routing • Advantages: • Simple to configure and maintain • Secure – as only defined routes can be accessed • Bandwidth is not used for sending routing updates • Disadvantages • Manual update of routes after network changes • Explicit addition of routes for all networks • Dynamic Routing • EIGRP • OSPF

  12. Configuring static routing on Cisco devices • ip route <destination network address> <destination network mask> <next hop> • Router A ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 ip route 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.2 • Router B ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.1.1 • Router C ip route 10.1.1.0 255.255.255.0 172.16.2.1

  13. Exercise • Configure static routing on AZR, AGR and SSG • Check if client can access (ping) AZR, AGR, SSG

  14. Configuring dynamic routing on Cisco devices - EIGRP • Router A router eigrp 1 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 no auto-summary • Router B router eigrp 1 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 no auto-summary • Router C router eigrp 1 network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 no auto-summary

  15. Configuring dynamic routing on Cisco devices - OSPF • Router A router ospf 10 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 • Router B router ospf 100 network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 • Router C router ospf 1 network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 10.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

  16. Exercise • Configure dynamic routing (EIGRP) on AZR, AGR and SSG • Check if client can access (ping) AZR, AGR, SSG • Configure dynamic routing (OSPF) on AZR, AGR and SSG • Check if client can access (ping) AZR, AGR, SSG

  17. VPN • Virtual Private Network GRE - Generic Routing Encapsulation PPTP- Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol

  18. Types of VPNs • Secure VPNs - Secure VPN protocols include the following: • IPsec • SSL • PPTP • L2TP • L2TPv3 • Trusted VPNs - MPLS - L2F

  19. IPSec Functions • data confidentiality (encryption) • data integrity (verification) • origin authentication (authentication the source of the packet) • Verification that each packet is unique (not duplicated)

  20. Type of Encryption • symmetric • DES • 3DES • HMAC-Message Digest 5 (MD5) • HMAC-SHA • asymmetric • Rivest, Shamir, and Adelman (RSA) Type of Authentication • Pre-shared keys • RSA signatures • RSA encrypted nonces

  21. IPSec Protocols

  22. IPSec Modes

  23. VPN (DMVPN) GRE/IPsec

  24. Standards (Cisco IOS IPSec) • IPSec (RFCs 2401-2410) • IPSec Encapsulating Security Payload (ESP) Using DES/3DES (RFC 2406) • IPSec Authentication Header (AH) using MD5 or SHA (RFCs 2403-2404) • Internet Key Exchange (IKE) (RFCs 2407-2409)

  25. IPsec/GRE Example (basic) tunnel 10 192.168.10.1/30 • Phase I (IKE Policy) Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 10 192.168.10.2/30 AGR AZR Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share hash md5 encryption 3des crypto isakmp key Cisco123 address 192.168.5.1 crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share hash md5 encryption 3des crypto isakmp key Cisco123 address 192.168.6.2

  26. IPsec/GRE Example (basic) tunnel 10 192.168.10.1/30 • Phase II (IPsec Policy) Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 10 192.168.10.2/30 AGR AZR Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 crypto ipsec transform-set name1 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport access-list 110 permit gre host 192.168.6.2 host 192.168.5.1 crypto ipsec transform-set name1 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport access-list 110 permit gre host 192.168.5.1 host 192.168.6.2

  27. IPsec/GRE Example (basic) tunnel 10 192.168.10.1/30 • Phase II (IPsec Policy) Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 10 192.168.10.2/30 AGR AZR Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 crypto map map1 local-address FastEthernet0/1 crypto map map1 10 IPsec-isakmp set peer 192.168.5.1 match address 110 set transform-set name1 crypto map map1 local-address FastEthernet0/0 crypto map map1 10 IPsec-isakmp set peer 192.168.6.2 match address 110 set transform-set name1

  28. IPsec/GRE Example (basic) tunnel 10 192.168.10.1/30 • Phase III (tunnel) Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 10 192.168.10.2/30 AGR AZR Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 interface tunnel 10 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel destination 192.168.6.2 ip mtu 1440 crypto map map1 interface Fastethernet0/0 ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 crypto map map1 router eigrp 1 network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.3 no auto-summary interface tunnel 10 ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.252 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 192.168.5.1 ip mtu 1440 crypto map map1 interface Fastethernet0/1 ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 crypto map map1 router eigrp 1 network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.3 no auto-summary

  29. Exercise • Configure static IPSec/GRE tunnel between AZR and AGR • Check if wired client can access (ping) AGR, SSGvia VPN tunnel

  30. IPsec/GRE Example (DMVPN) tunnel 0 192.168.10.1/24 Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 0 192.168.10.2/24 AGR (hub) AZR (spoken) Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 • Phase I (IKE Policy) crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share hash md5 encryption 3des crypto isakmp key Cisco123 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 crypto isakmp policy 1 authentication pre-share hash md5 encryption 3des crypto isakmp key Cisco123 address 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0

  31. IPsec/GRE Example (DMVPN) tunnel 0 192.168.10.1/24 Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 0 192.168.10.2/24 AGR (hub) AZR (spoken) Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 • Phase II (IPsec Policy) crypto ipsec transform-set name1 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport crypto ipsec profile bwsvpnprofile1 set transform-set name1 crypto ipsec transform-set name1 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac mode transport crypto ipsec profile bwsvpnprofile1 set transform-set name1

  32. IPsec/GRE Example (DMVPN) tunnel 0 192.168.10.1/24 Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 0 192.168.10.2/24 AGR (hub) AZR (spoken) Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 • Phase III (tunnel) interface tunnel 0 ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0 ip mtu 1400 ip nhrp authentication ciscokey ip nhrp map 192.168.10.1 192.168.5.1 ip nhrp network-id 1 ip nhrp holdtime 300 ip nhrp nhs 192.168.10.1 tunnel source FastEthernet0/1 tunnel destination 192.168.5.1 tunnel key 0 tunnel protection ipsec profile bwsvpnprofile1 interface tunnel 0 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 ip mtu 1400 ip nhrp authentication Cisco123key ip nhrp map multicast dynamic ip nhrp network-id 1 ip nhrp holdtime 600 no ip split-horizon eigrp 1 tunnel source FastEthernet0/0 tunnel mode gre multipoint tunnel key 0 tunnel protection ipsec profile bwsvpnprofile1

  33. IPsec/GRE Example (DMVPN) tunnel 0 192.168.10.1/24 Tunnel 192.168.10.0/30 tunnel 0 192.168.10.2/24 AGR (hub) AZR (spoken) Internet Fa0/1 192.168.6.2 Fa0/0 192.168.5.1 • Phase III (interfaces) interface FastEthernet0/0 ip address 192.168.5.1 255.255.255.0 router eigrp 1 network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 no auto-summary interface FastEthernet0/1 ip address 192.168.6.2 255.255.255.0 router eigrp 1 network 192.168.10.0 0.0.0.255 no auto-summary

  34. IPsec/GRE troubleshooting • Router# show ip nhrp • Router# show ip interface • Router# show crypto isakmp sa • Router# show crypto ipsec sa • Router# show crypto ipsec sa detail • Router# show crypto map • Router# show crypto engine connection active • Router# show ip route • Router# debug crypto isakmp • Router# debug crypto ipsec • Router# debug crypto engine

  35. Exercise • Configure dynamic IPSec/GRE tunnel (DMVPN) between AZR and AGR • Check if wired client can access (ping) AGR, SSG via VPN tunnel

  36. MTU configuration on interface • Router(config)# access-list 101 permit udp any any • Router(config)# route-map clear-df permit 10 • Router(config-route-map)# much ip address 101 • Router(config-route-map)# set ip df 0 • Router(config-route-map)# end • Router(config)# interface FastEthernet0/0 • Router(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 • Router(config-if)#ip policy route-map clear-df • Router(config-if)#ip mtu 1400 • Router(config-if)#end

  37. Maintenance of Cisco devices • Copying the Configuration to a TFTP Server • Router#copy run tftp • Address or name of remote host []?192.168.1.1 • Destination filename [router-confg]?run-confg • !! • 486 bytes copied in 12.2 secs (40 bytes/sec) • Router# • Restoring the Configuration from TFTP Server • Router#copy tftp run • Address or name of remote host []?192.168.1.1 • Source filename []?run-confg • Destination filename [running-config]?[Enter] • Accessing tftp://192.168.1.1/run-confg... • Loading run-confg from 192.168.1.1 (via FastEthernet0/1): • !! • [OK - 486/4096 bytes] • 486 bytes copied in 5.3 secs (99 bytes/sec) • Router#

  38. Exercises & troubleshooting • Design and connect your own network • Configure DHCP Server on AZR • Configure AZR, AGR, routing and VPN tunnel between AZR and AGR • Configure Cisco Access Point • Test your configuration This exercise assumes that SSG and WI@ was correctly configured before.

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