Flexural cracks First spalling & shear cracks Extensive cracks & spalling
Damage States Ref: seismic damage states and performance parameters for bridge columns, Ashkan Vosooghi and M. Saiid Saiidi, U. of Nevada, Reno, ACI Special Publications, in Review. Flexural cracks First spalling & shear cracks Extensive cracks & spalling Lateral & longitudinal bars visible
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