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Overview. What Are Cause & Effect Diagrams? How Can They Be Used in Your Organization? How Do They work? Real World Example Try It Yourself Summary. What Are Cause & Effect Diagrams?. Cause & Effect Diagram Problem solving tool Focuses on potential causes of the problem
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Overview • What Are Cause & Effect Diagrams? • How Can They Be Used in Your Organization? • How Do They work? • Real World Example • Try It Yourself • Summary
What Are Cause & Effect Diagrams? • Cause & Effect Diagram • Problem solving tool • Focuses on potential causes of the problem • Created by Kaoru Ishikawa • Also known as Ishikawa or Fishbone diagrams
How Can They Be Used in Your Organization? • Incredibly versatile – can be used in any orgainization • Helpful in many situations • Product/process problems • Departmental conflicts • Team conflicts • Employee/Interpersonal conflicts
How Do They Work?Slide 1 of 8 • There are 5 steps to designing a Cause & Effect Diagram • Step 1: • Identify the main problem • Write problem in box at right-hand side of page
How Do They Work?Slide 3 of 8 • Step 2: • Draw a long arrow across page pointing at box • Draw smaller arrows pointing at main arrow • Draw a box at the end of each arrow • Identify 4 major causes of problem • Write the major causes in the boxes
How Do They Work?Slide 4 of 9 • It may not be easy to develop 4 main causes • In this case 4 generic causes can be used • Machines • Materials • Methods • People
How Do They Work?Slide 6 of 9 • Step 3: • Consider other causes, including possible causes of the 4 major causes stated in Step 2 • Add these as branches off of the 4 arrows • Repeat until all causes are discovered
How Do They Work?Slide 8 of 9 • Step 4: • Rank the top causes by priority • Employees have 10 points • They can assign the points to causes they feel are important • Total the points for each cause • Rank the causes by their priority
How Do They Work?Slide 9 of 9 • Step 5: • Choose the top ranked causes • Not more than 5 • Analyze the causes • Develop a plan of action
Real World ExampleSlide 1 of 5 • Problem: company network is down
Real World ExampleSlide 2 of 5 • 4 major causes: • Hardware problem • Software problem • Employee problem • Outside problem
Real World ExampleSlide 4 of 5 • Sub-causes • Hardware • Server crash, broken hub • Software • Virus, missing driver • Employee • Inexperience with system • Outside • Power outage, hacker
Try It YourselfSlide 1 of 2 • Problem: Department’s sales figures declining the past 3 months • Groups of 3-5 people • Identify 4 possible major causes • Fill in the Cause & Effect Diagram • Rank top causes • Suggest a possible plan of action
Try It YourselfSlide 2 of 2 • What were your 4 main causes? • What were your top ranked causes? • What was your suggested plan of action?
Summary • Cause & Effect Diagrams • Incredibly useful tools • Wide variety of situations • Easy to use
Bibliography • Donndelinger, Deborah. Use the cause-and-effect diagram to manage conflict. Quality Progress. v29 n6. Jun 1996. p.136 • Foster, S. Thomas. Managing Quality: an integrative approach. Prentice Hall, NJ. p. 286-287