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Fetal Genitourinary System

. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys. Congenital renal disorder characterizedby cystic lesions corresponding todilated collecting tubules.Cysts are large (up to 6 cm), andthe condition may be unilateral,bilateral or segmental.. . Sonographic Findings. Bilateral: multiple, peripheral randomly lo

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Fetal Genitourinary System

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    1. Fetal Genitourinary System Anatomy and Anomalies II

    2. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys Congenital renal disorder characterized by cystic lesions corresponding to dilated collecting tubules. Cysts are large (up to 6 cm), and the condition may be unilateral, bilateral or segmental.

    3. Sonographic Findings Bilateral: multiple, peripheral randomly located variable-sized cysts inability to visualize fetal bladder when renal insufficiency is present possible oligohydramnios Unilateral: multiple cysts in one kidney normal appearing contralateral kidney bladder seen in presence of adequately functioning renal tissue

    4. Sonographic Findings

    5. Sonographic Findings

    6. Sonographic Findings

    7. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys

    8. Multicystic Dysplastic Kidneys

    9. Adrenal Neuroblastoma For full article :http://www.jimbaun.com/obg-article-prenatal_neuroblastoma.pdf

    10. Images by Katie Garcia, RDMS, RDCS

    11. Adrenal Neuroblastoma

    12. Obstructive Uropathies UPJ Obstruction Posterior urethral valves Ectopic Ureterocele Megaureter Bladder Outlet Obstruction Prune Belly Syndrome

    13. Sonographic Findings: Demonstration of a dilated renal pelvis Presence of variable caliectasis Thinning of renal cortex in chronic states No hydroureter

    14. Sonographic Findings:

    15. Sonographic Findings:

    16. Posterior Urethral Valves Lower urinary tract obstruction caused by a membrane-like structure in the posterior urethra. It affects male fetuses almost exclusively

    17. Posterior Urethral Valves Type I: valves are folds distal to the verumontanum that insert into the lateral wall of the urethra. Type II valves are folds arising in the verumontanum, passing proximally to the bladder neck where they divide into fingerlike membranes. Type III valves consist of a diaphragm-like structure with a small perforation and are located distal to the verumontanum but not attached to it

    18. Posterior Urethral Valves

    19. Sonographic Findings Marked hydronephrosis and dilated, tortuous ureters Bladder wall thickening Male genitalia identified

    20. Sonographic Findings

    21. Sonographic Findings

    22. Ectopic Ureterocele Developmentally, the lower ureter bulges into the bladder, producing progressive and self-obstructing cystic dilatation of the ureter and renal pelvis

    23. Sonographic Findings May be unilateral with a large, tortuous, fluid-filled ureter Ipsilateral hydronephrosis

    24. Sonographic Findings

    25. Megaureter A dilated ureter with or without dilatation of the renal pelvis and calyces, megaureter is caused by outflow obstruction.

    26. Sonographic Findings Presence of tortuous, anechoic intra-abdominal structure possibly traced to the renal pelvis Presence of normal sized bladder (rules out lower urinary tract obstruction) Hydronephrosis may or may not be seen

    27. Sonographic Findings

    28. Bladder Outlet Obstruction Dilatation of the fetal urinary bladder. The most common cause of bladder outlet obstruction is posterior urethral valves. Sonographic findings: Over-distended urinary bladder that does not empty within a 30-45 minute period

    29. Sonographic Findings

    30. Sonographic Findings

    31. Sonographic Findings

    32. Prune Belly Syndrome

    33. Prune Belly Syndrome

    34. Hydrocele

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