SOL Review: American History

1. SOL Review: American History Great Depression/New Deal

2. Which event is mostly seen as the beginning of the Great Depression? The Industrial Revolution The end of Reconstruction The collapse of the stock market WWI

3. A significant cause of the Great Depression of the 1930’s was that some banking policies were unsound and had led to the overexpansion of credit a decrease in protective tariffs had opened American business to competition from abroad a wave of violent strikes had paralyzed the major industries consumer goods were relatively inexpensive

4. The main purpose of New Deal measures such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to provide immediate employment opportunities develop rules to limit speculation and safeguard savings enable the Federal Government to take over failing industries assure a guaranteed income for American families

5. "You cannot extend the mastery of government over the daily working life of the people without, at the same time, making it the master of the people’s souls and thought." -President Herbert Hoover The idea expressed in the quotation is a basis for President Hoover’s belief that the problems of the Great Depression could best be solved by nationalizing major industries requiring business to pay a minimum wage to workers relying mostly on private enterprise and individual initiative to improve economic conditions creating government job programs for the unemployed

6. When the Great Depression began in 1929, the most common economic belief supported by the Republican Party was that an increase in defense spending would stimulate the economy unemployed workers should receive Federal unemployment benefits the government should assume control of industry the economy would recover on its own

7. An important factor contributing to the start of the Great Depression in the United States was the increase in military spending failure to maintain the gold standard reduction of tariff rates uneven distribution of wealth

8. The Dust Bowl experiences of the Oklahoma farmers during the Great Depression demonstrated the effect of geography on people’s lives success of government farm subsidies limitation of civil liberties during times of crisis result of the Indian Removal Act

9. Which situation was a basic cause of the Great Depression? continued increases in wages for workers excessive profits for farmers overregulation of the stock market overproduction of consumer goods

10. Which event is most closely associated with the end of the Great Depression? passage of the Social Security Act beginning of World War II reelection of President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1940 announcement of the Marshall Plan

11. In the 1920s, which economic factor led to the Great Depression? lack of investment in the stock market attempt by the United States to promote free trade failure to develop new consumer goods industries overproduction of farm products and manufactured goods

12. In the 1930’s, the enactment of New Deal programs demonstrated a belief that corporations were best left to operate without government interference state governments should give up control over commerce inside their states the Federal Government must concern itself with the people’s economic well-being the United States Constitution was not relevant to 20th-century life

13. Critics charged that President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s plan to increase the number of Supreme Court Justices was clearly in conflict with the Supreme Court’s practice of judicial restraint the constitutional principle of checks and balances attempts of Congress to limit judicial responsibilities efforts to restrict the number of terms a President could serve

14. Which New Deal program was chiefly designed to correct abuses in the stock market? Federal Emergency Relief Act Civilian Conservation Corps Works Progress Administration Securities and Exchange Commission

15. The main purpose of New Deal measures such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) was to provide immediate employment opportunities develop rules to limit speculation and safeguard savings enable the Federal Government to take over failing industries assure a guaranteed income for American families

16. A lasting result of the New Deal in the United States has been the reduction of the national debt control of stock prices by the Federal Government joint effort of business and labor to strengthen the Presidency assumption by the Federal Government of greater responsibility for the nation’s well-being

17. A major effect of the National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act, 1935) was that labor unions were soon controlled by large corporations experienced increasing difficulty in gaining new members obtained the right to bargain collectively lost the right to strike

18. The effectiveness of the New Deal in ending the Great Depression is difficult to measure because President Franklin D. Roosevelt died during his fourth term United States involvement in World War II rapidly accelerated economic growth the Supreme Court declared most New Deal laws unconstitutional later Presidents failed to support most New Deal reforms

19. Statement A: "The best way to economic recovery is to subsidize industry so that it will hire more workers and expand production.“ • Statement B: "If jobs are not available, the government must create jobs for those who are unemployed.“ • Statement C: "According to human nature, the most talented people will always come out on top.“ • Statement D: "Our government is responsible for the nation’s • economic well-being."Which statements most strongly support the actions of President Franklin D. Roosevelt? • Speaker A and Speaker C • Speaker B and Speaker C • Speaker C and Speaker D • Speaker B and Speaker D

20. A major criticism of President Franklin D. Roosevelt’s programs to combat the Great Depression was that these programs reduced the power of the Federal Government ignored the plight of homeowners with mortgages provided too much protection for big business made people dependent on the Federal Government

21. The clash between President Franklin D. Roosevelt and the United States Supreme Court over New Deal laws best illustrates the operation of federalism due process checks and balances the two-party system

22. The creation of the Tennessee Valley Authority is an example of federal intervention to meet regional needs state-funded regional transportation free-market capitalism laissez-faire economics

23. One difference between the administrations of President Franklin D. Roosevelt and President Herbert Hoover is that Roosevelt was unwilling to allow government agencies to establish jobs programs unable to win congressional support for his economic program able to ignore economic issues for most of his first term in office more willing to use government intervention to solve economic problems

24. What was the most likely cause ofthe election results shown on the map? • Most voters blamed President Herbert Hooverfor the Great Depression. • It is difficult to defeat an incumbent president. • Franklin D. Roosevelt had more business experience than Herbert Hoover. • Republican Party popularity had been declining for several elections.