TYPES OF PLAGIARIAM & HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARIAM

TYPES OF PLAGIARIAM & HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARIAM Meng Cai Yuemin Jin Ranran Fu Seolim Mun

Types of plagiarism & examples • How does plagiarism happen • How to avoid plagiarism

Types of plagiarism • Copy and paste plagiarism • Word switch plagiarism • Style plagiarism • Metaphor plagiarism • Idea plagiarism

Definition • Copy and paste plagiarism -must use quotation marks and reference the source. • Word switch plagiarism -need to put in quotation marks and cite the author and article. • Style plagiarism -copying the exact same style of a source, sentence by sentence or paragraph by paragraph. It doesn’t have to be exact same.

Definition • Metaphor plagiarism -use the metaphor in the Source Article, but give the author credit. • Idea plagiarism - To take an author's idea and to pretend it's your own without giving any credit to the original author whatsoever the idea or solution must be clearly attributed to the author.

Examples • Copy and paste plagiarism: Photosynthesis (from the Greekφώτο- [photo-], "light," and σύνθεσις [synthesis], "putting together", "composition") is a process that converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using the energy from sunlight. - This is plagiarism because this is copied and pasted straight off from the original source. • Word switch plagiarism: A Photosynthesis is a process that turns carbon dioxide into organic compounds, especially sugars, using sunlight energy. -This is Word Switch plagiarism because the original word ‘converts’ is changed to ‘turns’, and the words in the sentence is swapped around.

Examples • Style plagiarism: Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide into organic compounds, mostly sugars, using the energy from sunlight. -This is style plagiarism because the style is exactly the same only with words switched around here and there. • Metaphor plagiarism: Original Sentence: The cat’s eyes were glowing like the stars in the night sky. They shined so brightly at night. Plagiarism: The cat’s eyes were like stars because they were so shiny at night -This is a Metaphor plagiarism because the second sentence didn’t give any credit to the original sentence in the

Examples -This is a Metaphor plagiarism because the second sentence didn’t give any credit to the original sentence in using metaphor of ‘stars’ in describing cat’s eyes. • Idea Plagiarism: Original Sentence: The plan expands the tax to clothing and some services, but would keep food, medical services and prescription drugs non-taxable. In addition, the plan creates a fund to protect low-income Minnesotans from the impact of the broader sales tax. Plagiarism: This plan keeps food, medical services and prescription drugs non-taxable. Also it expands the tax to clothing and other things. Also in order to protect low-income Minnesotans the broader sales tax impact, the plan creates a fund.

Examples -This is an example of Idea Plagiarism because the second sentence talks about this plan and does not refer at all to the original sentence which explains the plan. If the second sentence used words such as ‘according to the author’ or ‘according to the article (original sentence)’, it would not have been plagiarism.

Theydon't know what plagiarism is. • Many people have heard about plagiarism and know it is a bad thing, but aren't quite sure what it really is. • Some students borrow the ideas from another writers and put them into their own paper to further their work. They think it is not plagiarism. • Cultural issues such as respect for authority that can lead to unintentional plagiarism.

Pressure to get a good grade • When the work is considered to be very complex, and students can not find proper sources.

Not thinking ahead • Not thinking ahead leads to the lack of time & resources. • While the deadline is very close, and students have done nothing about the paper, they may convince themselves that plagiarizing is their best option.

The internet makes it easy. • The internet makes it extremely easy to find and use other people's work. It's as simple as copy-and-paste. This causes many people to plagiarize without thinking about the legality of the act.

They don't think they'll get caught. • There is no institution who is responsible for dealing with plagiarism. • When the assignment is considered to be of little consequence and others in the class are cheating or the institution does not make plagiarism a high priority then students are more likely to plagiarize. • Many people who plagiarize use the 'many fish in the sea' theory- rationalizing that their chances of getting caught are extremely slim due to the vast number of people who are committing the act. The truth is, many people do slip through the cracks and get away with plagiarism.

1. Paraphrase • Never use someone else's words • Substituting synonyms is also a no-no. • Don't use their sentence structure either. • Write everything in your own words as you understand it. The best way to do this is to go through the required reading material and then put it all away when you start writing. Refer to it only after you are done to check if you have got all the facts right.

2. Quotation Marks • If you need to use what someone else has written or said in your writing, write their exact words and put them in quotation marks. • If you are omitting certain sections, put '......' in between words to indicate this. • If you are incorporating a word or words so that the sentence makes reading sense, put those words in square brackets '[like this]'.

3. Cite Sources • You can either write 'According to Professor so-and-so....' or 'Professor so-and-so states that....‘. • Or you can provide links to websites you have referred to. • Or you can list the sources after your article or do all of the above.

4. Manage your time • If you have to meet a deadline, start work early. So you have plenty of time to research and write. Lack of time is one reason many people – especially stressed-out students – intentionally or unintentionally plagiarize.

5. Check for Plagiarism • There are several online tools to check for plagiarism. Just simply entering suspect passages from your writing in the Google search engine, it will tell you if you plagiarize. You must make it your business to find out what the rules are.

References • www.lib.ncsu.edu/lobo/lessonplans/14_fivetypes.doc Five Types of Plagiarism • http://ezinearticles.com/?Why-Plagiarism-Happens---Top-5-Reasons&id=2692125 Why Plagiarism Happens - Top 5 Reasons By Darwin Redshield • http://www.iml.uts.edu.au/assessment/plagiarism/why.html Why students plagiarize • http://www.buzzle.com/articles/ways-to-avoid-plagiarism.html Ways to Avoid Plagiarism By Sonal Panse • http://www.wpacouncil.org/node/9 Defining and Avoiding Plagiarism: The WPA Statement on Best Practices

TYPES OF PLAGIARIAM & HOW TO AVOID PLAGIARIAM