1 / 23

Lecture 1 “History and Evolution of Computers”

Lecture 1 “History and Evolution of Computers”. Informatics. Gradation policy Extra information Early history of computers Modern history of computers Modern computers Future of computers. Content. Attendance -10 % Quizzes -20% Tasks- 20% Midterm-20% Final-30% Mark distribution:

gafna
Download Presentation

Lecture 1 “History and Evolution of Computers”

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture 1“History and Evolution of Computers” Informatics

  2. Gradation policy • Extra information • Early history of computers • Modern history of computers • Modern computers • Future of computers Content

  3. Attendance -10 % • Quizzes -20% • Tasks- 20% • Midterm-20% • Final-30% Mark distribution: First 30% includes: 2 quizzes (10%), midterm(20%) Second 30% includes: 2 quizzes (10%),tasks (20%) Final 40% includes: final exam(30%), attendance(10%) Gradation Policy

  4. Site – linux.sdu/~aigerim (from intranet) • Site- instructor.sdu.edu.kz/~aigerim (from internet) • Email: aigerim.sagandykova@sdu.edu.kz Extra Information

  5. “Necessity is the mother of invention”, famous saying formed the basis of modern computers • ABACUS: Very first computing device “ABACUS ” also called Soroban invented in 600 BC was the first computing device • Napier Rods: Napier Rods was a card board multiplication calculator. It was designed in early 17th century Early History

  6. 1642: Blaise Pascal, a French mathematician and philosopher, invented the first operating model of mechanical digital calculator using gears, called the Arithmetic Machine “PASCALINE” • It was for addition, subtraction, and multiplication and division PASCALINE

  7. Charles is “The Father of Computers” • 1822: His great invention “Difference Engine ” was to perform mathematical calculations • It was fully automatic and commanded by a fixed instruction program • 1842: “The Analytical Engine” was a automatic machine. It could do 60 addition per minute • The idea of analytical engine served as a base of modern digital computers Charles Babbage’s: DIFFERENCE ENGINE & ANALYTICAL ENGINE

  8. 1890: Dr. Herman Hollerith introduced the first electromechanical, punched-card data processing machine • His company would eventually become International Business Machine (IBM) • This paper based machine represents the origin of computer database software Punched Cards

  9. 1941: Conrad Zeus dorm Germany, introduced the first programmable computer • It solved complex engineering equations • It was also first to work on the binary system instead of decimal system Z3

  10. 1940 Onwards Modern History

  11. Features: First generation computers were based on vacuum tubes which were glass (tubes) that controlled and amplified the electronics signals First generation of computers (1942-1955)

  12. 1946: The ENIAC (Electrical Numerical Integrator and Calculator) machine was developed by John W.Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert at the University of Pennsylvania • It was developed for military need ENIAC

  13. It used 18,000 vacuum tubes • Punch-card input • Weighed thirty tons and occupied a thirty-by-fifty-foot space ENIAC

  14. EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic calculator) 1949 • UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computer) 1951 First Generation of Computers(1942-1955)

  15. Features: Vacuum tubes were replaced by transistors. Transistor is a small device that transfer electronic signals through resistors Second Generation of Computers(1955-1964)

  16. 1961: The IBM 1400 Series were a major breakthrough for IBM • The first computer in this series was IBM 1401 • The system contained many peripherals which included a new high-speed printer. This printer could print 600 lines per minute IBM 1400

  17. In this generation microelectronics technology was introduced that made it possible to integrate large number of circuit elements into very small surface of silicon known as a chips. This new technology was called INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (ICs) Third Generation of Computers(1965-1975)

  18. In this generation microprocessors were used. Microprocessor is small chip containing thousands of ICs on it. It greatly reduced the size of the computer. Fourth Generation of Computers(1976-1989)

  19. 1976: Jobs and Wozniak designed and built the Apple I computer • Then the following year 1977 introduced the Apple II microcomputer • These both have characteristics of a PC Apple I and Apple II

  20. In 1980, IBM tossed its hat into the personal computer, easily fit on a table or desk • They were available in taller or narrow size and have common features of personal computers IBM PC

  21. ULSI (Ultra Large Scale Integration) and networks like LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network) are used in this generation. Mobile computers are introduced Fifth Generation of Computers(1990-onwards)

  22. Modern Computers

  23. Nanotechnology • Miniature (Pocket size) • Robot technology • Quantum computers • Wearable PC Future of Computers

More Related