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Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics. Thermo =. heat or energy. dynamics =. movement. -. System. +. Surroundings. Open systems. -. mass and energy. Closed systems. System. +. energy. Isolated systems. Surroundings. no exchange. Energy. E. Internal Energy =. E =. Kinetic Energy.

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Thermodynamics

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  1. Thermodynamics Thermo = heat or energy dynamics = movement - System + Surroundings

  2. Open systems - • mass and energy Closed systems System + • energy Isolated systems Surroundings no exchange

  3. Energy E Internal Energy = E = Kinetic Energy + Potential Energy • energy due tomotion energy due toposition K.E. = 1/2 mv2 P.E.grav = mass x g x height

  4. Kinetic Potential Energy

  5. K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. total translation vibration rotation Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 + + =  Temperature (K) K.E.translation

  6. K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. K.E. total translation vibration rotation rotation Kinetic Energy K.E. = 1/2 mv2 + + =

  7. - + Potential Energy  Q1Q2 P.E. r - - charge Q = + + r = distance P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. e-e + P.E. n-e + P.E. IMF - - + + negativeP.E. is: a) stable b) unstable

  8. H C H H O O H H H H H Potential Energy Chemical changes P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. e-e + P.E. n-e + P.E. IMF - - + + CH4  CO2 + 2H2O + 2O2 O=O O=O + O=C=O + a) < b) > c) = P.E.reactants P.E.products

  9. Potential Energychemical changes a)< b) > c) = P.E.reactants P.E.products reactants products ( T ) K.E. P.E. reactants products

  10. P.E.total = P.E. n-n + P.E. e-e + P.E. n-e + P.E. IMF - - + + Potential Energy physical changes chemical changes

  11. Q1Q2 r Potential EnergyPhysical changes Intermolecular forces: ion-ion Na+ Cl- d+ d- H-bond ion-dipole Na+ d- Cl- d+ LDF d+ O=C=O dipole-dipole d- d- d+ d- d+ d-

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