虚拟语气

1. 虚拟语气

2. 英语中有三种语气 1.陈述语气 Will you mind if I open the window? 2.祁使语气 Please open the window. 3.虚拟语气 Would you mind if I opened the window?

3. 虚拟语气有多种形式，下列不同情形需用不同的虚拟形式：虚拟语气有多种形式，下列不同情形需用不同的虚拟形式： 一、状语从句中的虚拟形式 if, even if / though; as if / though; in order / so that / lest 二、名词性从句中的虚拟形式 1. 宾语从句；2. 同位语和表语从句；3.主语从句 三、定语从句中的虚拟形式 It is high time that sb. did sth. 四、简单句中的虚拟形式

4. 一、状语从句中的虚拟语气 1. If, even if / though 2. as if / though 3. If only 4. In order / so that / lest

5. if引导的虚拟条件句

6. 与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句 If + 主+ did(were), 主+would/should/could/might +动词原形 1. 如果我是你，我会再试一次。 If I were you, I would try it again. 2.如果他有空，他会与你一起去的。 If he were free, he would go with you. 3.如果我有一百万美元，我会买下这架飞机。 If I had one million dollars, I would buy the plane.

7. 与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句 If +主+had done sth, 主+would/should/could/might +动词完成式（have done） 1.如果他努力学的话，他就通过这次考试。 If he had worked hard, he would have passed the examination. 2.如果他那时在那儿的话，他就能看到那部电影了。 If he had been there, he could have seen the film 3.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。 If I had married her, I would have been unhappy.

8. 与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语) If + 主+ did(were to /should do), 主+would/should/ could/might +动词原形 1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事. If he came here tomorrow, I would tell him about it. 2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他. If he were to come here tomorrow, I would tell him.

9. 条件从句和主句中的虚拟语气形式一览

10. If主从句时间不一致的混用情形： 1）if he ______ harder, he ______ tomorrow’s exam. A. had studied; would have passed B. studied; will pass C. had studied; would pass; D. studied; would have passed 2) ----I have great difficulty working out this problem. ----_____ to me, you _____ less difficulty with such problems. A. If you had listened, would have had B. If you listened, would have C. Had you listened, would have D. If you listen, will have

11. If 从句的几种变形 (1) with, without, but for等的介词短语或者非谓语动词短语替代if从句 1) Without electricity, human life would be quite different today. 2) But for the gravity of the earth, we would fly in the sky instead of walking now. 3) We could have done better under more favorable conditions(=if we had been under more favorable conditions)。 4）

12. 1. Alone (=if he had been alone), he would have been terrified. 2. Born in better times (=If he had been born in better times), he would have done credit to the profession of letters. 3. To hear him talk (=If one heard him talk), one would take him for a fool. 假如有人听到他谈论，准会当他是个傻瓜。 4. It would have been wiser to have stayed (=if you had stayed). 如果你当时留了下来，那就比较明智了。

13. (2) but, otherwise / or，and，only等连接陈述语气代替if从句 1）He came late, otherwise he _______ the first bus. A. caught B. would catch C. would have caught D. had caught 2）I would have informed her if possible, but I _______ so busy. A. were B. had been C. was D. would be 3）----Did you do it well? ----Yes. But I _______ it well without you timely help. A. had done B. hadn’t done C. would have done D. wouldn’t have done 4) Five minutes earlier, and we _____ the last bus. A. had caught B. should have caught C. caught D. could have caught

14. 5. Another moment, and he would have been gone (=If another moment had passed, he would have been gone.). 再晚一点，他就完了。 6. I would have gone, only that you objected (=if you had not objected). 要不是你我反对，我早就走了。 7. He said he would have done, only you treated him so off-hand (=if you had not treated him so off-hand). 他原本打算要做的，只是因为你对他太不在意了。

15. (3) 省略if后的倒装形式： 如果条件状语中有were, had, should时, 可以去掉if倒装成：Were / Should / Had +主+其他 If I were you, I would try it again. Were I you,I would try it again. If he had been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. Had he been there yesterday, he would have seen the film. If it should snow tomorrow, we wouldn’t go out. Should it snow tomorrow,we wouldn’t go out.

16. 2. Even if / though，unless和相当于if的连词等引导的状语从句(其主从句的虚拟形式与if 复合句的虚拟情形完全相同） 1) He would do what he thought of ____ there were nobody in favour of him. A. as if B. if only C. as though D even if 2) Unless the storm (should) abate at once (=If the storm did not stop at once), it would be impossible to rescue the two lost men. 3) Suppose (=If) you were given a chance to study in American, would you accept it?

17. 5. 在由for fear that, in case, lest 等引导的表示 “惟恐”的意思状语从句中,用 “ should + 动词原形”. 1) He handled the instrument with care for fear that it ____________ damaged (be) 2) I was afraid lest the kid (should) fall down the staircase. 3) The driver looked over the engine carefully lest it (should) go wrong. (should) be

18. 1) He can use the bike on condition that (=if) he should return it tomorrow. 2) In case (=if) it should rain, don’t expect me. 3）The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he _______ himself. A. injure B. had injured C. injured D. would injure 4）

19. 3. as if, as though引导的方式状语从句(虚拟形式与only if相同） 1）He pretends as if he _____________ the thing at all, but in fact he knows it very well. 2）The old man looked at the picture, he felt as though he __________ back to time 20 years ago. 3）They talked and talked as if they _______________ again. 4) We felt as if we _________each other for years. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have knowing didn’t know had gone would never meet

20. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it __________. C A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken The actor is 58 years old. But he acts as if he _______ a young man. D A. is B. will be C. am D. were The clouds are getting darker and darker. It looks as if it _______rain. A A. is going to B. will C. was going to D. would

21. 4. if only引导的条件状语从句和简单句 1）If only it would stop snowing! 2) Look at the trouble I am in! If only I had followed my teacher’s advice. 3) If only I knew it now! 4) If only you hadn’t told him what I said, everything would have been all right.

22. if only和only if ▲ if only是if的一种强调形式，用来引导真实或非真实条件从句，也可以单独用，意为“如果/只要……(就) ……”，“如果……就好了”。如： If only it clears up, we’ll go. 只要天放晴，我们就走。 ☆ 有时把if和only分开用。如： If she would only come! 但愿她能来。

23. ▲ only if是用only来强调一个if从句，表达一种惟一条件，意为“只有……(才……)。如： I wake up only if the alarm clock rings. 只有闹钟响了我才会醒。 I told him he would succeed only if he tried hard. 我告诉他只有努力才能成功。

24. ☆ only if 也可分开用。如： I will only come home if you come with me. = I will come home only if you come with me. 只有你跟我一起走，我才回家。 ☆ only if在句首时，主句要倒装。如： Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to school. 我只有找到了工作才有足够的钱上学。

25. A If you __________tomorrow, you _________ find the new manager working in the office. A. should come; would B. would come; would C. will come; should D. comes; might C If the parents ______at the hospital earlier after the accident, the child would have been saved. A. arrives B. arrive C. had arrived D. has arrived

26. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she __________, she would have met my brother. D A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come A If my lawyer _______here last Sunday, he _______ me from going . A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented

27. B If he _________he ___________that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not have taken B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken

28. If the doctor had come earlier, the poor child __________. D A. wouldn’t be lying there for two hours B. wouldn’t have laid there for two hours C. wouldn’t have lied there for two hours D. wouldn’t have lain there for two hours

29. If you had told me in advance, I __________him at the airport. C A. would meet B. would had meet C. would have met D. would have meet D If there were nor subjunctive mood, English _____ mucheasier. A. Will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be

30. B _________the exam, he would have attend a college. A. If he passed B. Had he passed C. Were he passed D. If he should pass C _______five minutes earlier, you could have seen them off. A. If you should arrive B. If you arrive C. Had you arrived D. Should you arrive ________it rain tomorrow, we should have to put off the visit to the Science Museum. B A. Were B. should C. would D. will

31. 二、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 1. 宾语从句中的虚拟语气 wish insist, order, command, advise, suggest, propose, recommend, require, request, demand, ask, desire would rather / prefer 2. 同位语从句和表语从句中的虚拟语气 order, advice, suggestion, request, desire,demand, requirement 3. 主语从句中的虚拟语气 It is important / essential / necessary that… It is suggested / advised / advisable that… 1.宾语从句 wish,insist, order,command, advise,suggest,propose,recommend, require,request,demand,ask,desire, would rather/prefer 2.表语和同位语从句 3.主语从句

32. Wish宾语从句中的虚拟形式

33. wish后面的宾语从句有三种虚拟语气形式 sb. did/were sth. 虚拟现在事实 wish + that sb. had done sth. 虚拟过去事实 sb. would / might /would do sth. 虚拟将来事实 I wish I remembered the address now. I wish he had not left. I wish it would rain tomorrow.

34. Exercises: “ Have you visited the Science Museum?” “ No, but I really wish I _______.” A A. had B. did C. have D. will C I didn’t go to the party, but I do wish I _____there. A. was B. were C. had been D. went C I wish I _________ you yesterday. A. see B. did see C. had seen D. were to see

35. The picture exhibition bored me to death. I wish I ___________to it. A A. hadn’t gone B. haven’t gone C. didn’t go D. could not have gone B How I wish I __________that! Everybody present was angry with me. A. didn’t go B. hadn’t done C. wouldn’t do D. wasn’t doing

36. -----He is a brave man. -----Yes, I wish I _________his courage. B A. Have B. had C. will have D. would have Tom can take his car apart and put it back together again. I certainly wish he _____me how. D A. teaches B. will teach C. has taught D. would teach

37. 2. would rather / prefer的宾语从句中的虚拟语气 A）从句动作先于主句动词动作用had + 过去分词) B) 从句动作与主句动作同时发生或后于主句动词动作 用过去时, be为 were） 或should +动词原形

38. I’d rather you ___ right away. A. leave B. left C. will leave D. to leave It’s high time that we ___ to school. A. would to B. went C. go D. will go ---I’ll pay you by cheque monthly. ---I’d rather you ____ me cash weekly. A. pay B. will pay C. are to pay D. paid

39. 3. 一、insist, 二、order, command, 四、 suggest, propose, advise, recommend, 五、ask, demand, request, desire, require etc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语 气，以(should) + v原的形式出现。 We all suggest that he ( should ) finish his homework first. The captain commanded that all the sailors ( should ) get down to work at once.

40. 以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句 和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以 (should) + v原. 的形式出现。 My suggestion is that you ( should ) go home first before coming here. His request that his cost ( should ) be paid by the hour is completely reasonable.

41. 三、主语从句中的虚拟语气形式 1. It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出现。 2. It is necessary / natural / unfair / strange / important / essential+ that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 3. It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词可用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。

42. 1）It’s suggested ( ordered, demanded, proposed, commanded, requested, desired, insisted, required ) that … 后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以 ( should )+ v原.的形式出现。 It’s ordered that only German ( should ) be taught at schools in Alsas and Lorin. It’s requested that all the students ( should ) wear school uniforms at school.

43. 1. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o’clock at night. A. were not played B. not to play C. not be played D. did not play 2. It is recommended that the project ____ until all the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started 3.

44. 2）在It is necessary / natural / unfair / strange / important / essential+ that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should 加动词原形， should 可省略。 1. It is necessary that we _____________ a walk now. (have) 2. It was essential that the application forms _______________ back before the deadline. (send) (should) have (should) be sent

45. (should) make 3. It was necessary that we ____________ everything ready ahead of time. (make) 4. It is required that nobody _____________ here. (smoke) 5. It is important that we _________. A. shall close the window before we leave B. will close the window before we leave C. must close the window before we leave D. close the window before we leave (should) smoke

46. 3）在It is a pity, a shame, no wonder + that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词可用should 加动词原形, should 可省略。 1. It's a pity that you ________________ to go so soon. (have) 2. ----He has been working hard for weeks. ----No wonder that he (should) pass / has passed the exam. (should) have

47. It is required that you ____ at six. A. will arrive B. arrive C. arrived D. would arrive It is really strange that the girl ___ so early. A. has been married B. has married C. be married D. would marry

48. It is strange that such a thing ___ in your school. A. will happen B. happens C. should happen D. happened It is important that I ___ with Mr. Williams immediately. A. speak B. spoke C. will speak D. to speak

49. 四、简单句中的虚拟语气 1. Would you please lend me a hand? 2. Long live our friendship! 3. May you be happy every day! 4. If only he were here now! 5.

50. 1. A Chinese (=if he were a Chinese, he) would not do it. 这种事中国人是做不出来的。 2. Your refusal to come (=if you should refuse to come, you) might give offence. 你要是不来，会得罪人的。 3. A close observer (=if he had been close, the observer) would have noticed it. 一个缌的观察者，早就会注意到这个了。