Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement 1.1 The realm of physics

1. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics 1.1.1 State and compare quantities to the nearest order of magnitude. 1.1.2 State the ranges of magnitude of distances, masses and times that occur in the universe, from smallest to greatest. 1.1.3 State ratios of quantities as differences of orders of magnitude. 1.1.4 Estimate approximate values of everyday quantities to one or two significant figures and/or to the nearest order of magnitude.

2. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics has some of the most famous names in science. • If a poll were to be taken on who is the most famous scientist, many people would choose… Albert Einstein A PHYSICIST

3. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics has some of the most famous names in science. • If a poll were to be taken on who is the most famous scientist, Other people might choose… Isaac Newton A PHYSICIST

4. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • The physics we will study this year and next was pioneered mostly by the following four individuals: • Other greats will be introduced when the time comes. Einstein Newton Galileo Maxwell Relativity Dynamics Kinematics Electrodynamics Quantum Classical Physics Calculus

5. F21 f1 F12 N2 N1 W1 f2 W2 Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of forces, and matter’s reaction to them. • All of the sciences have examples of force: • In biology, we have the bighorn sheep: Kilo pounds

6. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of forces, and matter’s reaction to them. • All of the sciences have examples of force: • In chemistry, we have the popping can: pounds

7. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of forces, and matter’s reaction to them. • All of the sciences have examples of force: • In physics, we have the biggest forces of all:

8. Dakota H-Bomb – 1 million tons of TNT

9. Meteor Crater - Arizona 100 Dakota H-Bombs

10. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of the very small. • And the very large. • And everything in between.

11. Barred Spiral Galaxy NGC 1300 About 2 1021 meters in diameter

12. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of the very small. • And the very large. • And everything in between. • Size of visible universe is about 1025 meters. • Age of universe is about 1018 seconds. • Mass of universe is about 1050 kilograms. • The mass of a quark is about 10-30 kilograms. • Diameter of atom is about 10-10 meters. • Diameter of a nucleus is about 10-15 meters. • Smallest particles called quarks about 10-18 m. • Planck length is about 10-35 meters. • Speed of light is about 108 meters per second.

13. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of the very small. • And the very large. • And everything in between. • EXAMPLE: Given that the smallest length in the universe is the Planck length of 10-35 meters and that the fastest speed in the universe is that of light at 108 meters per second, find the smallest time interval in the universe. SOLUTION: • Speed is distance divided by time (s = d / t). • Using algebra we can write t = d / s. • Substitution yields t = 10-35 / 108 = 10-43 seconds.

14. Topic 1: Physics and physical measurement1.1 The realm of physics • Physics is the study of the very small. • And the very large. • And everything in between. • EXAMPLE: Find the difference in order of magnitude of the mass of the universe to the mass of a quark. SOLUTION: • Make a ratio (fraction) and simplify. • 1050 kilograms / 10-30 kilograms = 1080. • Note that the kilograms cancels leaving a unitless power of ten. • The answer is 80 orders of magnitude.