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1. Main Idea Paragraph 1 Of late the drug methadone is being used in some treatment programs for heroin addicts. Methadone has some advantages over heroin. It is cheap and it usually does not produce strong euphoria. It can be used as an effective substitute for heroin, and the heroin addict substituting methadone is not reduced to theft or prostitution. However, methadone is addictive. And the long-term symptoms associated with methadone are similar to those associated with heroin: constipation and loss of appetite. The heroin addict who substitutes methadone is still an addict. He has been helped, not cured. But perhaps in some instances this limited goal is the only practical one. • Methadone has some advantages over heroin. • Methadone has both advantages and disadvantages. • Methadone is addictive. • The long-term symptoms of methadone resemble heroin symptoms.

2. Main Idea Paragraph 2 Have you ever carried on a conversation with someone only to reflect afterward, “We simply did not communicate”? Almost any experienced teacher has explained an assignment or concept in detail only to have a student raise his hand and ask a question, the answer to which the teacher has just given. One student in a classroom panel discussion caused great merriment when he broke into the discussion and related an incident germane to a point which the panel had concluded five minutes earlier. Perhaps you have had the experience of suddenly realizing during a class lecture or public speech that you had no notion what the speaker was talking about. On these occasions you obviously were present in body only. • Some students let their minds wander in class and completely lose track of what is going on. • Every speaker has had the experience of not communicating. • Without attention, communication will not occur. • Students often ask questions teachers have just answered.

3. Main Idea Paragraph 3 Meanwhile, factory and automobile pollution increased. Rivers turned into stinking sewers from industrial wastes; fish and plant life in lakes died; and city populations choked and gasped in smog. A series of rocket expeditions to the moon began in 1969, but many asked in mounting cynicism how a nation so afflicted with grave problems at home could continue spending astronomical sums on such exploits. Fueled by the panic of growing numbers of drug addicts for money, crime rates soared. Entire sections of great cities displayed empty sidewalks at night, the residents hidden behind locked doors and windows, which often were broken in by burglars. Candidates for political office could ride to victory on the law and order issue almost by itself. Twisting and warping every other problem, and producing massive protest and disillusionment, was the seemingly endless war in Vietnam. • Pollution and crime were on the increase in the United States. • Many began to question the country’s ordering of priorities. • The Vietnam War was responsible for a growing number of problems in the United States. • Conditions in the United States grew worse.

4. Main Idea Paragraph 4 The deterioration of the earth’s environment is the result of the impact of each individual on the environment multiplied by the number of individuals. Suppose you could choose any life style you wished. You could, for example, choose to be a Buddhist monk or nun of certain sects. You would be forbidden to have money, and the only food you would be allowed to eat is that placed in your begging bowl by the pious. You would own your begging bowl , a robe, a razor, a needle and thread, and that is all. Your presence on earth would cause very little deterioration of the environment. On the other hand, you could choose to be an American millionaire. You would own several houses and have numerous automobiles, and perhaps a jet plane. You might own several polluting factories and have a half-dozen children—all eventually with their own several polluting factories. It is obvious that you would contribute much more to environmental deterioration than the Buddhist monk or nun. • The life style that you choose determines your environmental impact. • As a beggar, you would add little pollution to the environment. • You should live a moderate life style so as not to pollute the environment. • A millionaire is capable of heavy pollution of the environment.

5. Main idea Paragraph 5 Some scientists, as has been said, consider hostility to represent a biological trait that makes aggressive behavior as inevitable a part of the human condition as fighting over territories is for baboons and other animals. Others, probably a majority, believe that the hostility motive is learned and that it stems from the fact that the child cannot have everything he wants. Some of his desires are bound to be frustrated by the rules of society and by the conflicting desires of other people. He cannot always eat when he wants to. He has to learn to control drive for elimination except when he is in the bathroom. He cannot have the toy that another child owns and is playing with. His mother cannot spend all her time catering to his whims. Other children, bigger than he, push him around. • Aggressive behavior is an inevitable part of the human condition. • Some scientists believe the hostility motive is biological, but many believe it is learned. • A child cannot always have everything he wants. • The hostility motive is learned.