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Mind the BME gap. Professor Aneez Esmail, Associate Vice-President Social Responsibility. What is the problem?. If you belong to a visible minority you are more likely to perform less well than a ‘white’ student in HE
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Mind the BME gap Professor Aneez Esmail, Associate Vice-President Social Responsibility
What is the problem? If you belong to a visible minority you are more likely to perform less well than a ‘white’ student in HE Despite controlling for other factors which impact on attainment, we find that ethnicity is still statistically significant in explaining attainment in HE: all students from minority ethnic communities … are found to be less likely to achieve a better degree relative to White UK & Irish students – and this result holds at all levels of attainment. (Broecke and Nicholls, DfES 2007) Differences in degree attainment are also evident between women and men; women are more likely to get a ‘good degree’ NB: a ‘good degree’ equals a First or Upper Second class degree
Possible explanations: • Racism • Socio-economic background • Lack of family background of university study • Prior institution and entry qualifications • Level of parental involvement/The need to work/finance • Choice of subject • Low expectations form both teachers and students
Good Degree Attainment by subject areas and Average A-level score
– Good Degree Attainment by subject areas and Average A-level score controlling for ethnicity
Quantitative evidence • Ethnicity has a huge impact on attainment levels – Asian and Black students achieve lower levels of Firsts and 2:1s • Gender was also an important factor, with females out-performing males even though males tended to have higher entry qualifications • Parental education level was a significant factor with students with HE educated parents performing better at University • The three subject areas with the highest proportions of BME students had good degree attainment levels below the University average (78.4%) and within these subjects white students outperformed BME students • In the Physical Sciences 12% of students were UK BME and there was an 8% attainment gap. Physical Sciences had the largest gap when it came to attaining Firsts (15%)
Recommendations • Provide guidance on types of assessment and anonymised marking that may have specific influence on BME student achievement; • Consider critical analysis and language / essay skills development for all students; • Development of an early warning system to flag potential underachievement (attendance, failing modules); • Pilot English language testing for all students and provide support for those who need it.