GCSE GEOGRAPHY HUMAN FIELDWORK

1. GCSE GEOGRAPHY HUMAN FIELDWORK FIELDWORK ENQUIRY QUESTION: “Is land use in a regenerated area of Liverpool's CBD sustainable?” Why is this location suitable for our physical fieldwork enquiry? Liverpool city centre has gone through a regeneration process and Liverpool One was built in 2008. We suspect this has created long term benefits for the area. We can access this area easily by coach from our school. RISKS: Describe the risks you experienced on your fieldwork trip and how these could be reduced • 1 – Travelling to Liverpool city centre & back on the bus - danger of being left in town - risk minimised by a teacher doing regular registers and last to board the bus. • 2 – Walking along and crossing busy roads in Liverpool - walk single file on pavements and use crossings. • 3- Getting lost in city centre – teacher has given contact number, informed Liverpool One staff of visit and given a meeting point for all students. • 4 – Injury during visit i.e. tripping - walk, don’t run, teacher to carry first aid kit

2. GCSE GEOGRAPHY HUMAN FIELDWORK ANALYSIS Describe each set of data and explain what this tells you – link it back to your enquiry question. Use PEEL and include data. • Key question 1 – In regenerated areas, pedestrian numbers are higher than those areas that are not regenerated. ------Urban regeneration of brownfield sites in Liverpool One has attracted the highest number of pedestrians (1668 pedestrians). This is because it has the widest variety of land use and has an attractive environment to attract visitors ------ Areas that are not regenerated have the lowest number of pedestrians (164 pedestrians in Lime Street) as these streets are unattractive to visit and also have the lowest land use variety. ------ • Key question 2 Variety of land use is greater in regenerated areas? Land use survey showed - -----Land in regenerated part of the city (Liverpool One) is most varied compared to land use of non-regenerated sites. ----- Land use in Liverpool One is mostly clothing, specialist shops (jewellery and gift) and restaurants. -----This suggests that the economy is thriving as all units are in use. Key question 3 Do the regenerated areas have a high quality environment? Environmental quality survey (bi-polar survey) showed - -----Sites in our survey which were nearest to and in Liverpool One had a higher quality environment as these sites had been regenerated. -----Sites furthest from Liverpool One generally had a lower quality environment, for example Lime Street, which has not been regenerated. -----This suggests the economy is good in regenerated areas as the environment is well looked after. Key question 4 People travel further to regenerated areas (sphere of influence) Questionnaire showed people had travelled further to areas of regenerated areas e.g. Belfast, Edinburgh and London. This meant the areas that are regenerated are sustainable as there is economic activity as visitors spend their money in the shops. The areas that were not regenerated had the smallest distances travelled. Lime Street did have many from Manchester, which is 34 miles away. This is due to Lime Street train station being located on this street and many people were travelling through this non-regenerated area of Liverpool for work purposes. CONCLUSION Answer your enquiry question! What do you think? Use the evidence collected to back up your conclusion. • Is land use in a regenerated area of Liverpool's CBD sustainable?Overall, land use in a regenerated area of Liverpool's CBDsustainable. The regenerated area(s) have proved that the variety of land use is more varied due to there being more investment spent. Liverpool One is at the heart of Liverpool’s CBD and in 2008 was regenerated in an attempt to entice more visitors. Due to the regeneration, it has a wide range of land use as companies want to be in the best financial location. By having a wide variety of landuse, this will attract visitors who spend money in the local economy. This is supported by Liverpool One having the highest number of pedestrians, who will have a lot of spending power. This means the regenerated area of Liverpool One is sustainable. This is supported by the environmental quality in regenerated areas of Liverpool. Liverpool One had the best environment whereas streets, which are not regenerated had a poor environment. This is because regenerated areas have enough capital to invest in making sure the areas are regularly cleaned or have enough bins located around the area. Due to the regeneration of this area, this explains why Liverpool One has a wide sphere of influence. The reason Liverpool One has such a large sphere of influence is because the wide variety of land use in that area. This is because there is more interest in regenerated areas, such as Liverpool One because there is more investment and promotion of regenerated areas as there was a lot of capital spent on enhancing the local environment. EVALUATION What problems did you experience during your fieldwork? How would this affect your investigation? What would you do differently next time? How would this improve your investigation? • Land use limitation: the maps used may have been out of date. By having out of date maps, this could have made results void, which means my conclusions are based on worthless results. In order to solve this issue, I could request up to date maps from the council. By having up to date maps, this would mean I am classifying the landuse accurately and therefore collecting valid results to base my conclusions on and determine correctly if the landuse is sustainable or not in regenerated areas. • Sphere of Influence (PEDESTRIAN COUNT): The first issue is the sample size. I only asked 25 members of the public on each street the questionnaire. This is a very small sample size to base the hypothesis on and therefore affects my decision for the overall conclusions about sustainability. Even though I proved my hypothesis, I could have added more validity to my results and therefore my overall conclusions by having a bigger sample size. I could have asked around 50 to 100 people and this would have given me a true reflection of the sphere of influence of the street and to see which areas of the CBD are actually sustainable. • Pedestrian count (pie chart): it was difficult to count all of the people in the streets making my results inaccurate. This means I am deciding if the regenerated areas have the highest number of pedestrians or not. Even though I did prove my hypothesis correct, I still could improve the strength of my validity of my results by using clickers when counting the pedestrians. This is more accurate than relying on the eye of the counter. In addition, by having, a number of people in my group use a clicker; any discrepancies can be eliminated by calculating an average. This means I will be making conclusions about if regenerated areas have higher number of pedestrians and therefore making the regenerated areas sustainable or not.

3. GCSE GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL FIELDWORK (KR) FIELDWORK ENQUIRY QUESTION: • How and why does vegetation change over the Formby sand dunes?“the percentage of vegetation cover increased as we moved inland on the dunes.” • Key concepts/theory behind the investigation: • As sand dunes mature and establish the vegetation cover will increase. The amount of bare ground will reduce. • The soil samples get darker and contain more organic matter which supports the sand dune succession. • Human links: The Formby dunes are heavily managed therefore vegetation cover should be good. • Other influences: Tourism and recreation. Why is this location suitable for our physical fieldwork enquiry? Formby coastline is on an area of coastline with an excellent example of sand dune formation and changes of vegetation. We can access this area easily by coach from our school. RISKS: Describe the risks you experienced on your fieldwork trip and how these could be reduced 1 – Tides - consult tide timetables, particularly along cliff sections, headlands and wide beaches. Every year people get cut off in this way. 2 – Avoid walking near areas where sand dunes have been washed away in storms. Students warned of this and kept well away from the back of the beach. 3 – Watch out for steep areas of the dune system. Students advised to wear sensible footwear and warned of the risks. 4 – Weather - hot weather. Students advised to bring plenty of water and sun cream if the weather forecast is hot. Cold & wet weather – students advised to bring suitable clothing.

4. GCSE GEOGRAPHY PHYSICAL FIELDWORK • ANALYSIS (Question: How and why does vegetation change over the Formby sand dunes? Describe each set of data and explain what this tells you – link it back to your enquiry question. Use PEEL and include data – can you put your numbers into percentages? Soil sampling ‘The soil samples get darker and contain more organic matter which supports the sand dune succession.’ The soil sampling showed the soil was getting darker and contained more organic matter known as humus. This meant more vegetation and vegetation succession was seen. With more humus present there is a change in the type of vegetation present as the dune system gets older. This supported the results from the quadrat sampling, as the vegetation cover was increasing further from the coastline. Quadrat sampling % vegetation cover‘As sand dunes mature and establish the vegetation cover will increase. The amount of bare ground will reduce.’ Overall, there was an increase in the amount of vegetation and a reduction in bare ground as the sand dune system matured. However, there were areas where bare ground was higher than vegetation. The reason for this was due to the human influence on the sand dunes. In areas where tourism and recreation was occurring there was erosion of the sand dune. In areas where the sand dunes were protected and heavily managed, the vegetation cover was good. This is because there is no trampling of the vegetation and therefore no soil erosion. This allowed the vegetation to succeed and the sand dune vegetation to mature. CONCLUSION Answer your enquiry question! What do you think? Use the evidence you’ve collected to back up your conclusion • To conclude my investigation did allow me to prove my hypothesis that “the percentage of vegetation cover increased as we moved inland on the dunes.” The transect results and scatter graph show me that there was an increase in the amount of vegetation travelling away from the coastline. • The soil samples taken along the transect support the idea that vegetation cover increased because In some areas there was evidence of human activity. EVALUATION What problems did you experience during your fieldwork? How would this affect your investigation? What would you do differently next time? How would this improve your investigation? Poor Choice of location of Transects. The location of the transects only enabled us to measure profiles and vegetation cover at one end of the beach. We were not able to get an accurate assessment of changes for the full length beach only the 400 m where changes may have been small or non- existent. Length of transects; Too short only 50 metres- this means the full depth of the beach was not recorded especially nearer the Cobb (eastern end ) and therefore would not of truly reflected changes (Improvement?) • Collect more data from the same site. • Compare your data with other transects completed. • Collect data at different times of the year. • Compare data with a separate unmanaged site. • Collect data on plant species/soil ph. to see if the sand dune changes match the text book definition.