Karl Heinrich Marx: Eine Analyse des Sozialismus

1. Karl Heinrich Marx:EineAnalyse des Sozialismus Sebastian| Professor Panaccione| GERM1020-001 Elementary German II

2. Karl Heinrich Marx:An Analysis of Socialism Sebastian| Professor Panaccione| GERM1020-001 Elementary German II

3. „Sie sind entsetzt über unsere zu tun beabsichtigt entfernt mit privatem Eigentum. Aber in der bestehenden Gesellschaft, privateigentum ist bereits für neun Zehntel der Bevölkerung; die Existenz der wenigen ausschließlich aufgrund ihrer nicht-existenz in den Händen der neun-zehntel. Sie werfen uns deshalb, mit absicht, eine form von Eigentum, die notwendige Voraussetzung für deren Existenz ist die nicht-existenz von Eigentum für die überwiegende Mehrheit der Gesellschaft.“ Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto

4. “You are horrified at our intending to do away with private property. But in your existing society, private property is already done away with for nine-tenths of the population; its existence for the few is solely due to its non-existence in the hands of those nine-tenths. You reproach us, therefore, with intending to do away with a form of property, the necessary condition for whose existence is the non-existence of any property for the immense majority of society.” Karl Marx – The Communist Manifesto

5. Who is Karl Heinrich Marx? Karl Heinrich Marx was a 19th century German philosopher, political economist, historian, political theorist, sociologist, journalist, and revolutionary socialist, whose ideas played a significant role in the development of social science and the socialist political movement.

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7. Trier, Kingdom of Prussia Germany Marx was born May 5, 1818 in Trier, Germany which is located in the southwest of Germany near Luxemburg. Trier is the oldest city in Germany founded in or before 16 BC and is ranked fourth among the largest cities.

8. Karl Marx’s Childhood • Karl Marx’s father; Herschel Marx, was born Ashkenazi Jewish, converted from Judaism to the Protestant Christian denomination of Lutheranism to continue practicing law after a Prussian order denied Jews the bar. • Karl Marx was privately educated until 1830, when he was enrolled in the Trier High School where he studied philosophy and social science. The school was raided in 1832 by police because of the liberal humanist views taught to the students in angst of the Prussian government.

9. University of Bonn and University of Berlin Like his father Karl Marx pursued the study of law. Marx enrolled at the University of Bonn. While at Bonn, Marx’s studies were diluted by his frolicking and irresponsible lifestyle. Marx accrued a great deal of debt and was injured in a duel. Heinrich Marx paid off his sons debts and insisted on his enrollment at Berlin University. • At the more conservative University of Berlin, Karl Marx’s studies improved dramatically. It was at the Berlin University that he was introduced to the philosophical writings of G. W. F. Hegel by Bruno Bauer, a outspoken atheist and political radical. Marx later becoming involved with a group of radical thinkers the Young Hegelians.

10. In Contrast… • ..the United States from 1820 to 1870 propagated as a consequence of two major reformations: the Second Great Awakening, resembling the religious movement of Great Awakening in the eighteenth century and the natural goodness of man; defined as transcendentalism. Religion was probably the foremost motivating influence behind shaping the method of American perception. Because of immigration, the boom-and-bust cycles of market economy, rising inequality, the increase of western settlement, and territorial expansion in the United States, Americans had difficulty keeping up with changes that were perceived as outside of one’s control. Social reform movements such as temperance, reform of penitentiaries and asylums, antimasonry, abolition and women’s rights were the results of a period of religious renewal in the United States after the War of 1812.

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13. Karl Marx and Friedrich engels • Marx and Engel met in Paris in 1844. They discovered that they shared similar views of philosophy and socialism. As Engels wrote after their first meeting “complete agreement in all theoretical fields.”

14. Die HeiligeFamilie • Die HeiligeFamilie was written with Friedrich Engels as a critique on the Young Hegelians and their school of thought. Marx’s publisher suggested the title of the book, The Holy Family, as a satirical reference to the Bauer Brothers.

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16. Manifest der kommunistischenparteiI: Bourgeois and proletarians “The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles. Freemen and slave, patrician and plebeian, lord and serf, guildmaster and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressed, stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted, now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary reconstitution of society at large, or in the common ruin of the contended classes.”

17. “Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth - the soil and the labourer.” –Karl marx Marx considered that socio-economic conflicts have historically developed in stages: • Primitive Communism • Slave • Feudalism • Capitalism • Socialism • Communism

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19. Worker’s Democracy “Capitalism, like previous socioeconomic systems, would unavoidably produce internal tensions which would lead to its destruction. Just as capitalism replaced feudalism, Marx believed socialism would, in its turn, replace capitalism, and lead to a stateless, classless society called pure communism. This would emerge after a transitional period called the "dictatorship of the proletariat": a period sometimes referred to as the "workers state" or "workers' democracy“”

20. Marxism Various states around the globe have modeled Marxism as a base for their own politics and policies after Marx’s death in 1883. In the 20th century the following countries had developed governments based on Marx’s theories of economic and sociopolitical worldview: • People’s Republic of China • Albania • Cuba • Russia • The USSR and it’s republics • Venezuela • Nicaragua • Poland • East Germany • Afghanistan • Nepal • North Korea • Ethiopia • Grenada • Laos • Republic of Congo • Angola • Yugoslavia

21. Reference List • Marx and Engels “The Communist Manifesito (Book)” New York: Appleton – Century - Crofts, 1955 • Wikipedia, “Karl Marx” last accessed02 MAY 2012 • Wolff, Jonathan, "Karl Marx", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy” First published Tue 26 Aug 2003; substantive revision Mon 14 Jun 2010. • Karl Marx: Introduction to A Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, in: Deutsch-FranzosischeJahrbucher, February 1844 • Wheen, Francis. Marx's Das Kapital, (Atlantic Books, 2006) • Norton, Mary Beth. “A People And A Nation A History Of The United States Volume One To 1877 Sixth Edition (Book).” Boston, New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2001