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Mendel’s Genetics

Mendel’s Genetics. Chapter 11. Who was Gregor Mendel?. He was known as the “FATHER OF GENETICS” He discovered how traits were inherited GENETICS – study of heredity HEREDITY – the passing of traits from parents to offspring. Mendel’s Peas. Mendel did his study on pea plants

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Mendel’s Genetics

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  1. Mendel’s Genetics Chapter 11

  2. Who was Gregor Mendel? • He was known as the “FATHER OF GENETICS” • He discovered how traits were inherited • GENETICS – study of heredity • HEREDITY – the passing of traits from parents to offspring

  3. Mendel’s Peas • Mendel did his study on pea plants • Pea plants have many traits (tall/short, purple flowers/white flowers) • Pea plants can beself-fertilized or cross-fertilized

  4. True Breeding • Meaning that if they are allowed to self-pollinate, they will produce offspring identical to themselves • Self-pollinate: some plants have both male and female flowers • One plant is producing both male and female gametes that are fertilized

  5. Dominance • Some traits are dominant over others. • Tall x Short = all tall offspring (hybrids) • *Tall is the dominant trait • * Short is recessive

  6. Genes and Alleles • Mendel discovered that each trait is controlled by two factors (alleles) • Genes – factors that determine your traits

  7. Mendel’s Experiments

  8. The Cross • Monohybrid Cross, that is

  9. Explaining the Cross • When a parent makes sperm or eggs, their genes separate        (PRINCIPLE/LAWOF SEGREGATION) • The GAMETES (egg or sperm) contain either a T allele (tall) or a t allele (short) • This works for various traits like hair color

  10. More on the Cross

  11. Genes→Traits • GENOTYPE  -  what genes ( letters) the organism has (TT, Tt, tt) • PHENOTYPE   - what it looks like (tall or short)

  12. Understanding Check 1.  A one-eyed purple people eater is crossed with a two eyed purple people eater.  All of their offspring have two eyes.   Which trait is dominant? • 2.  If you use the letter E for this gene.   What is the genotype of the offspring?  •      Are these offspring the F1 or F2 generation? • 4.  If you crossed the offspring with each other?  How many ofthe new offspring would you expect to have two eyes?

  13. Incomplete Dominance • When both alleles are expressed, making colors somewhere in the middle • More like a mixing of the two alleles

  14. Codominance • When both alleles are expressed equally • Not mixing, but blotched usually

  15. Another Cross • Dihybrid Cross • When you do a cross for two traits at the same time • For example: a cross for eye AND hair color

  16. Example Cross • What do you get when you cross a tall purple flower plant with a short white flower plant???

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