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MIT Research: Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings

MIT Research: Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings. MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub. $10 million investment over 5 years Funded equally by RMCREF & PCA NRMCA providing technical support and guidance NRMCA and state associations to play a critical role in the technology transfer.

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MIT Research: Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings

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  1. MIT Research: Life Cycle Assessment of Residential Buildings

  2. MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub • $10 million investment over 5 years • Funded equally by RMCREF & PCA • NRMCA providing technical support and guidance • NRMCA and state associations to play a critical role in the technology transfer

  3. Goals Social • Identify areas in which concrete excels • Identify opportunities for improvement • Create solid technical basis for future industry development Environment Economic Sustainable

  4. 3 Research Platforms

  5. Concrete Science Platform: Mission • Scientific breakthroughs toward reducing CO2 footprint of cement and concrete • Strength with less material • Lower energy processing • Chemical stability

  6. Building Technology Platform • Mission: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Concrete Buildings and Pavements to Identify Impacts and Opportunities • Research Topics: • Material Flow Analysis • LCA of commercial buildings • LCA of residential buildings • LCA of pavements • LCCA of building materials

  7. Residential Buildings Greenhouse Gas Emissions ResidentialBuildings: 21% Industry: 29% CommercialBuildings: 19% Transportation: 31%

  8. Methodology • Standardized LCA methodology critical • Increase consistency of LCA • MIT proposes good practices for LCA

  9. Methodology • Transparency of data • Define scope • Identify system boundaries • Define functional unit

  10. Transparency

  11. Life Cycle Perspective

  12. Functional Unit

  13. Structural Systems Considered Insulated Concrete Forms (ICF) Traditional Wood Framing

  14. Benchmark Single Family Building 2 stories 2,400 ft2 ICF Wood Chicago Phoenix

  15. Benchmark Multi-Family Building 4 stories 33,763 ft2 ICF Wood Chicago Phoenix

  16. Structures 4 stories Multi-Family 2 stories Single Family

  17. Energy Modeling 60 YEAR

  18. Benchmark Analysis CO2 equivalent Resources Water Global Warming Potential Ozone Depletion Acidification Eutrophication Smog Formation Human Toxicity Eco Toxicity Waste Land Use

  19. Weight of Materials(lbs/sf2)

  20. Embodied Emissions

  21. Thermal Mass Benefits

  22. Annual Energy Use Intensity (Chicago)

  23. Annual Energy Use Intensity (Phoenix)

  24. Impacts • The GWP of the ICF house in is approximately 6%-10% lower than the light-frame wood house. • Over a 60-year life cycle, the lower (5%-8% for single family, 4.4%-6.2% for multifamily) operating GWP outweighs the initially equal or higher embodied GWP for ICF buildings.

  25. Impacts

  26. Impact Reduction - Air Tightness

  27. Other Impact Reductions • ICF - 6 in core to a 4 in core • Increasing SCM (such as fly ash) from 10% to 50%. Can decrease pre-use GWP by 12-14%

  28. Life Cycle Cost Analysis

  29. Life Cycle Cost Compared to light-frame wood, ICF • $2.36-$4.09/ft2 ($25-44/m2) of wall area higher in Chicago • -$0.08 to $4.15/ft2 (-$1 to $45/m2) of wall area in Phoenix • Over the total life cycle cost, however, ICF construction increases the price of a house by less than 5%.

  30. More Information • Full report available from MIT Concrete Sustainability Hub at web.mit.edu/cshub. • MIT Hub established by • RMC Research & Education Foundations • Portland Cement Association • NRMCA providing technical support • Transfer research into practice • Visit www.nrmca.org

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