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BIO’s CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work November 2006

BIO’s CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work November 2006. Simon Prinsenberg, Jim Hamilton and Peter Rhines. 0. Salinity. 35. 0. Sea-ice meltwater. seawater. δ 18 O (‰). Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater). -30. 3 - Instrumentation.

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BIO’s CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work November 2006

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  1. BIO’s CATS Field, modelling, chemistry and instrumentation work November 2006 Simon Prinsenberg, Jim Hamilton and Peter Rhines

  2. 0 Salinity 35 0 Sea-ice meltwater seawater δ18O (‰) Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater) -30 3 - Instrumentation 1 - Field work +Data 4 - Chemistry 2 - Modelling

  3. Field/Data – Jim Hamilton Muray Scotney Roger Petipas Peter Rhines Modelling – Charles Hannah Dave Greenberg Youyu Lu Fred Dupont Instrumentation – George Fowler Brain Beamlands Greg Siddall Peter Rhines Chemistry – Kumico Atzuo-Scott

  4. Project’s aim is to monitor and simulate The fluxes through the CAA as part of the Arctic-Atlantic ocean conveyor belt circulation CAA- Canadian Arctic Archipelago Barrow Strait - Lancaster Sound From G. Holloway

  5. Three major straits through the CAA Survey area (red Box) Grid show the diagnostic finite element model domain (20058 elements)

  6. Observation Problems: Magnetic north pole Mobile ice cover North Pole Modelling Problems: Complex topography Lack of bathymetric and oceanographic data

  7. Lancaster Sound year-long mooring 2004-05 south north

  8. Software and hardware to measure current direction in Low-horizontal Magnetic field with mid-water floats by Jim Hamilton ADCP with role/tilt compass Magnetic direction 88O in CAA Vertical direction 90O normally

  9. Measuring current direction in Low-horizontal Magnetic field 2004 • Watson Compass provides role-tilt and magnetic Pole direction • This provides current magnetic direction data • Corrected by Resolute magnetic data for wandering magnetic North Pole . • To finally provide current direction to true north • Special data processing Magnetic North True North

  10. Lancaster sound survey - Deployment of ADCP and battery pack

  11. ULS mounted between two A2-SUBs Ice draft measurements (2sec. data)

  12. Lancaster Sound August 2004 • First 6-years of field data

  13. Ocean statistics from time series data Surface current Barrow Strait 3 month average from bi-hourly data

  14. Ocean and pack ice statistics from time series data Plots? Tables? Website? Currents at 80m Barrow Strait 3 month average from bi-hourly data

  15. Ocean and pack ice statistics from time series data Plots? Tables? Website? Ice velocity Barrow Strait 3 month average from bi-hourly data

  16. Ice draft plot monthly max., mean and Std. Dev. from 2sec time series data

  17. Weekly and monthly fluxes for Aug. 98 to July 05 (7 years of data) (seasonal weighted 2/3 southern site data and 1/3 northern site data) Summer

  18. Yearly and seasonal mean estimated fluxes passing through Lancaster Sound in units of Sv (= 106m3/s).

  19. Monthly mean volume flux through eastern Barrow Strait derived from 6-year of mooring data (Aug. 1998 – Aug. 2004).

  20. Transports from mooring data and their variability NAO

  21. 2 - Modelling

  22. Modelling Problems: Complex topography Lack of bathymetric and oceanographic data D. Greenberg, C. Hannah F. Dupont

  23. Summer surface currents (arrows) for -10cm Baffin Bay set-up color code is for depth contours

  24. Ice concentration during the 1 year run coupled to AIM Sep 89 June 1990 July 1990 Sep 1990 August 1990

  25. Surface ocean current during the 1 year run coupled to AIM Dec 89 Sep 89 Mars 90 June 1990 Sep 1990

  26. WebTide C. Hannah

  27. WebTide Tidal Currents Future: wind effects

  28. Increased # grids 3-4km at transect Good for shore erosion, ship mooring sites and harbours

  29. Large scale Ice-ocean Model (DFO and IPY) • Ocean module based on NEMO (OPA) and CICE ice module • Domain covers Arctic Ocean and sub-polar NA; a subset of global 1/4º MERCATOR grids • Minimum grid size 6 km in CAA and maximum15 km in Arctic Ocean and up to 40 vertical levels • 480x468x40 grids Youyu LU Ice thickness

  30. 3 - Instrumentation 3 - Instrumentation

  31. Sensor Float EM Cable Midwater Float Acoustic Release ICYCLER #2 ICYCLER: Surface layer CTD profiler moored beneath mobile pack ice 25m 50m By George Fowler Problem: Can not moor instruments in surface layer because of mobile ice cover, and yet there is where the large variability in the oceanographic parameters occur.

  32. ICYCLER #1 provided yearlong CTD-Chl data set 2003-2004 from Lancaster Sound

  33. Yearlong Aug 2003- Aug 2004 Fluorescence Temperature

  34. Freshwater flux is underestimated by 30m MicroCat data

  35. SeaMotor

  36. Lost-found ICYCLER Seacat pressure data Aug. 04 – Aug. 06

  37. Profiler line spooled out • Buoyancy tank imploded but sealed • Baterry dead and Corrosion

  38. 0 Salinity 35 0 Sea-ice meltwater seawater δ18O (‰) Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater) -30 4 - Chemistry

  39. How to use oxygen isotope composition (δ18O) to quantify the fresh water compositions Salinity heavy oxygen (O-18) enriched 0 35 0 Sea-ice meltwater seawater δ18O (‰) Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater) -30 light oxygen (O-16) enriched Water is a mixture of seawater and sea-ice meltwater Water is a mixture of seawater and meteoric water Water is a mixture of seawater, meteoric water and sea-ice meltwater

  40. How to use Total Alkalinity to quantify the fresh water compositions Seawater 2300 River runoff Total Alkalinity Sea Ice, rain, snow meltwater 0 0 35 salinity Water is a mixture of seawater and river runoff Water is a mixture of seawater and sea ice meltwater Water is a mixture of seawater, river runoff and sea-ice meltwater

  41. 0 Salinity 35 0 Sea-ice meltwater seawater δ18O (‰) 1977 1980 2003 Meteoric water (rain, snow, river runoff, glacial meltwater) -30 δ18O vs. salinity (0-100m) salinity 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 0 -0.5 -1 y = 0.35x - 13.10 -1.5 2 R = 0.80 δ18O -2 -2.5 -3 y = 0.38x - 14.16 -3.5 R = 0.57 1977&1980 2 -4 2003 -4.5 Barrow Strait Seasonality ? Time series data

  42. Yearlong water sampler to determine δ18O MicroLab by Environtech

  43. Where are we heading with the CAA research • Moorings in until August 2007????? • Modelling effort reduced at moment effort on data processing • Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear PERD (by early 2007) • Waiting for B-Base funding cycle to clear IPY (by early 2007)

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