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Understanding Operating Systems: Fundamentals and Functions

Learn about system software, operating system functions, user interfaces, memory management, and network capabilities. Discover the importance of operating systems in managing computer resources efficiently.

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Understanding Operating Systems: Fundamentals and Functions

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  1. Objectives Overview See Page 269 for Detailed Objectives Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  2. System Software • System softwareconsists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices Page 270 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  3. Operating Systems • An operating system(OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources Page 271 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  4. Operating Systems Pages 270– 271 Figure 7-1 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  5. Operating System Functions • The process of starting or restarting a computer is called booting Page 272 Figure 7-2 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  6. Operating System Functions • An operating system includes various shut down options Page 272 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  7. Operating System Functions • A user interfacecontrols how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen • With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images Pages 272 – 273 Figure 7-3a Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  8. Operating System Functions • With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions Page 273 Figure 7-3b Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  9. Operating System Functions • How an operating system handles programs directly affects your productivity Pages 273 - 275 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  10. Operating System Functions Page 274 Figure 7-4 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  11. Operating System Functions • Memory managementoptimizes the use of RAM • Virtual memoryis a portion of a storage medium functioning as additional RAM • Windows ReadyBoostcan allocate up to 4 GB of removable flash memory devices as additional memory cache Page 275 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  12. Operating System Functions • The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Spooling below Chapter 7 Pages 275 - 276 Figure 7-5 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  13. Operating System Functions Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Plug and Play below Chapter 7 Page 276 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  14. Operating System Functions • Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections Page 276 Figure 7-6 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  15. Operating System Functions • A performance monitoris a program that assesses and reports information about various computer resources and devices Page 277 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  16. Operating System Functions • Operating systems often provide users with the capability of: Page 277 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  17. Operating System Functions • Automatic updateautomatically provides updates to the program Page 277 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  18. Operating System Functions • Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network • A server operating systemorganizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network • A network administrator uses the server operating system to: • Add and remove users, computers, and other devices • Install software and administer network security Pages 277 - 278 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  19. Operating System Functions • Each user has a user account • A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user • A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name Page 278 Figure 7-7 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  20. Types of Operating Systems Page 279 Figure 7-8 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  21. Stand-Alone Operating Systems • A stand-alone operating systemis a complete operating system that works on a desktop computer, notebook computer, or mobile computing device Page 280 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  22. Stand-Alone Operating Systems • Windows Vistais Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions: Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Windows Vista below Chapter 7 Pages 413 - 414 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  23. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Page 280 Figure 7-9 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  24. Stand-Alone Operating Systems • The Macintosh operating systemhas set the standard for operating system ease of use • Latest version is Mac OS X Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Mac OS X below Chapter 7 Page 281 Figure 7-10 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  25. Stand-Alone Operating Systems Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click Linux below Chapter 7 Pages 281 – 282 Figures 7-11 – 7-12 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  26. Server Operating Systems Pages 282 - 283 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  27. Embedded Operating Systems • An embedded operating systemresides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device Page 283 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  28. Utility Programs • A utility programis a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks Page 284 Figure 7-14 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  29. Utility Programs • A file manageris a utility that performs functions related to file management • Displaying a list of files • Organizing files in folders • Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders • Creating shortcuts Page 285 Figure 7-15 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  30. Utility Programs • A search utilityis a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify Page 285 Figure 7-16 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  31. Utility Programs • An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files • An image viewerallows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file Page 285 Figure 7-17 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  32. Utility Programs • A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files • Downloaded programfiles • Temporary Internetfiles • Deleted files • Unused programfiles Page 286 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  33. Utility Programs • A disk defragmenterreorganizes the files and unused space on a computer’s hard disk so that the operating system accesses data more quickly and programs run faster • Defragmenting Page 286 Figure 7-18 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  34. Utility Programs • A backup utilityallows users to copy files to another storage medium • A restore utilityreverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form Page 286 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  35. Utility Programs • A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time • A personal firewalldetects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions Page 287 Figure 7-19 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  36. Utility Programs Page 288 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  37. Video: Free Online Antivirus CLICK TO START Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  38. Utility Programs Pages 288 – 289 Figures 7-20 – 7-21 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  39. Utility Programs Page 289 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  40. Utility Programs • Filters are programs that remove or block certain items from being displayed Pages 289 - 290 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  41. Utility Programs • A file compression utilityshrinks the size of a file(s) • Compressing files frees up room on the storage media • Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files • Can be uncompressed Click to view Web Link,click Chapter 7, Click Web Link from left navigation, then click WinZip below Chapter 7 Page 290 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  42. Utility Programs • A media playerallows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer Page 290 Figure 7-22 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  43. Utility Programs • Disc burning softwarewrites text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc Page 291 Figure 7-23 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  44. Utility Programs • A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance Page 291 Figure 7-24 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  45. Summary Page 292 Discovering Computers Fundamentals, 2010 Edition Chapter 7

  46. Chapter 7 Complete

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