AIM: How do Compounds effect organisms?

1. AIM: How do Compounds effect organisms?

2. Do NOW: What does this picture mean to you?

3. How are compounds classified? There are two categories of compounds: • Organic • Inorganic

4. Substances that are formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements Compounds Most abundant compound on Earth is ___________ water

5. Elements have very different properties “actions/appearances” than the compounds that they form. H2O H = Hydrogen = gas O = Oxygen = gas H2O = water = liquid

6. Are expressed through formulas • Chemical formulas • Structural formulas C12H22O11 Chemical Structural C6H12O6

7. Compounds are held together by BONDING The attraction of atoms that cause element to form compounds

8. is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon and hydrogen Organic Compound • Found in all living things • Examples • C6H1206 • CH4

9. Is any member of a large class of chemical compounds of molecules that contain earths elements Inorganic Compound • Notcapable of creating life, no combination makes life • Examples • NaCl • H2O • CO2

10. Compounds Inorganic Organic Contains the earth’s element Example: H2O water Contains Carbon & Hydrogen always together! Example: C6H12O6 glucose (sugar)

13. Proteins Four Major Groups of Organic Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids

14. Organic Compounds can combine to produce macromolecules!!! Macromolecules “giant molecules” that are made of thousands or even hundreds of thousands of smaller molecules.

15. 1. Nucleic Acids • Importance: stores cellular information in the form of a code • Elements: C, H, O, N, P • Subunits : Nucleotides • Each nucleotide contains: • Nitrogenous base • Phosphorus • 5 Carbon Sugar • Examples: DNA and RNA

16. Structural formula

17. 2.Carbohydrates Building blocks: Monosaccharide's Aka simple sugars

18. Chemical Formulas: C6H12O6 Glucose C12H22O11 Sucrose (table sugar) Ratio 1:2:1

19. Carbohydrate Functions Source of short term & long term ENERGY and FOOD STORAGE

20. Carbohydrates come in many forms that are classified into three categories: Monosaccharides Disaccharides Polysaccharides

21. Monosaccharides GLUCOSE FRUCTOSE GALACTOSE

22. Disaccharides LACTOSE SUCROSE MALTOSE

23. Polysaccharides CELLULOSE STARCH

25. Summary A sample of food containing one type of a large molecule was treated with a specific digestive enzyme.   Nutrient tests performed on the resulting products showed the presence of simple sugars, only. Based on  these test results, the original large molecules contained in the sample were molecules of…… STARCH!

26. AIM: How do Compounds effect organisms? PART 2

27. In plants, simple sugars are least likely to be linked together to form proteins broken down into carbon dioxide and water used as a source of energy stored in the form of starch molecules

28. ?

29. 3.Lipids Building blocks : One Glycerol molecule and three Fatty Acidmolecules

30. Chemical Formulas: C57H110O6 C54H99O6 Ratio is greater than 1:2:1

31. Lipid Functions include energy storage, acting as structural components of cell membranes, insulation, and participating as important signaling molecules

32. Lipids make up fats, oils and waxes Lipids can be found in butter, olive oil, peanut oil, cheese, milk, animal fat

33. LIPIDS THAT ARE SOLID ARE CALLED FAT LIPIDS THAT ARE LIQUID ARE CALLED OIL

34. Final Summary • How can determine a lipid by chemical formula? • How can we identify a carbohydrate by name? • What is the usual structural shape of a carbohydrate molecule? Greater than 2:1 ratio -OSE ending Ring shaped

35. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? carbohydrates ozone carbon dioxide water

36. Organic compounds, such as proteins and starches, are too A to diffuse into cells. Proteins are digested into B and starches are digested into C. A-large, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids A-small, B-simple sugars, C-amino acids A-large, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars A-small, B-amino acids, C-simple sugars

37. How do Compounds effect organisms?

38. What substance could be represented by the letter X in the diagram below? carbohydrates ozone carbon dioxide water

39. Aim: How do proteins effect the homeostasis of an organsim? DO Now: Complete “Bio-Chem. recall” numbers 1-10 Homework: Bio-Chem. Review Sheet

40. 4.Proteins Building blocks: Amino Acids

42. There are 20 different sorts of amino acid, each with slightly different properties Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids, and are often folded up into a ball shape.

43. An 'average' protein has about 250 amino acids in its chain. How many different combinations are there of 250 amino acids? Although there are billions and billions of possible combinations, actually there are less than 100,000 used in the human body according to the best estimates of the scientists.

44. Chemical Formulas C9 H17 O4 N3

45. Protein Functions • Structural component (most abundant organic material in the cell) • Cell communication (hormones) • Growth and repair • Control rate of chemical reactions (enzymes) • Immune defense (antibodies) • Energy source

46. Types of Proteins Dipeptides Polypeptides

50. What are the most important Function of Proteins? 1) Structural Material (most abundant organic material within the cell) 2) Muscle Tissue 3) Enzymes - control chemical reactions w/in organisms 4) Cell communication (hormones, neurotransmitters) 5) Immune response (antibodies) 6) Growth and repair