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EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG YOUNG BLACK MEN: TRENDS, CAUSES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Harry J. Holzer

EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG YOUNG BLACK MEN: TRENDS, CAUSES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Harry J. Holzer Georgetown University The Urban Institute September 2005. Trends in Employment and Labor Force Participation. Data: Current Population Survey ORG, 1979-2000 Samples: Men Aged 16-24 and 25-34

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EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG YOUNG BLACK MEN: TRENDS, CAUSES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Harry J. Holzer

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  1. EMPLOYMENT OUTCOMES AMONG YOUNG BLACK MEN: TRENDS, CAUSES AND POLICY IMPLICATIONS Harry J. Holzer Georgetown University The Urban Institute September 2005

  2. Trends in Employment and Labor Force Participation • Data: Current Population Survey ORG, 1979-2000 • Samples: Men Aged 16-24 and 25-34 • Nonenrolled/Noninstitutional • High School Education or less • Key Finding: Low Levels and Secular Decline in Employment for Young Black Men

  3. Causes of Trends: Earlier Literature Skill Premia, Declining Wages for UnskilledPersistent DiscriminationSpatial Mismatch, Weakening Informal NetworksFatherless Families, Poor NeighborhoodsGrowing Participation in Crime

  4. Causes of Trends: The 1990’s 1) Rising Numbers of Ex-Offenders 2) Child Support Enforcement Likely Effects on Employers, Workers’ Incentives Evidence from Holzer, Offner and Sorensen (2005)

  5. Policy Implications 1) Early Academic Preparation and Skill Development • Pre-K • K-8 • High School Years: Academic plus Occupational Training and Work Experience (Career Academies, etc.) 2) Early Training and Work Experience • Programs: Job Corps, Youth Service Corps, etc. • Local Youth Systems • Emphasis on Private Sector Training and Intermediaries 3) Incentives to Work: EITC, Minimum Wages

  6. 4) Reentry of Ex-Offenders into Society and Labor Market • Pre-Release Employment Activities • Post-Release: Transitional Supports • Review of Legal Barriers • Better Use of Tax Credits and Bonding 5) Child Support • Default Orders • Arrearage Forgiveness • Pass-Through of Collections to Families • Fatherhood Efforts

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