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What is Chemistry?

Learn about the fundamental concepts in chemistry including matter, elements, compounds, and mixtures. Explore the periodic table, atomic structure, and the different phases of matter. Discover the properties and behaviors of atoms and molecules.

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What is Chemistry?

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  1. What is Chemistry?

  2. Learning Objectives • What is chemistry? • What are the building blocks of matter? • How does matter interact? • How is matter organized?

  3. What is Chemistry? • The study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes • It affects all aspects of life and non-living objects too • Chemistry explains things that we observe in the world around us • For example: the changing of the leaves in fall

  4. Matter • Is anything that has mass and occupies space • It doesn’t have to be visible • For example: humans, air, water, your table & plants • What isn’t matter? • Light, heat, sound, electricity & gravity

  5. Phases of Matter • Three main phases: • Solid • Liquid • Gas • What is the 4th state of matter and where is it found?

  6. Elements • Are the simplest form of matter • 114 elements have been identified • Different elements combine to form compounds

  7. The Periodic Table

  8. Periodic Table

  9. Atom • Is the simplest particle of an element that retains all the properties of that element • They are too small to observe directly • So we use a model

  10. Atom Model

  11. The Nucleus • Located in the middle of an atom • Made up of 2 subatomic particles: Protons-have a positive charge Neutrons-have no charge

  12. Atomic Number, Atomic Mass,& Mass Number • The number of protons in an atom determines the atomic numberof the element • The atomic mass is the average mass of the atoms in the element • The mass numberan atom is the total number of protons & neutrons

  13. Electrons • Balance out the number of protons with negative charges • They are very high energy and have very little mass • They are found in orbitals around the nucleus • The farther away from the nucleus, the more energy an electron has

  14. Compounds • A compoundis a substance made of two or more different elements that are chemically bonded • Compounds are unique • A chemical formula shows the kinds and proportions of atoms of each element in the compound • For example: Fe2O3 • 2 iron atoms and 3 oxygen atoms

  15. How many of each? • C8H10N4O2 • C3H8O • KMnO4 • CaCl2 • H2O • NaCl

  16. Molecules • A molecule: is the simplest part of a substance that retains all of the properties of the substance and can exist in a free site • Some molecules are composed of atoms of different elements • Some molecules are composed of atoms of the same element

  17. Diatomic Molecules • Are molecules composed of atoms of the same element • Examples: Hydrogen, Iodine, Bromine, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Chlorine, & Fluorine • HI BrONClF

  18. Pure Substances & Mixtures • Pure Substance: is matter that has a fixed composition and definite properties Examples: Elements & Compounds • Mixture: is a combination of 2 or more substances that are NOT chemically combined Examples: Air & Grape Juice

  19. Mixtures • Can be separated • They are formed by mixing pure substances • They have properties similar to the pure substances that make them up • Mixtures are classified by how well they are mixed

  20. Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous: substances in which components are NOT distributed evenly • Examples: flour & water, sand & salt • Homogeneous: substances in which the components are evenly distributed • Examples: Pop, sugar & water • Miscible: A homogeneous mixture of liquids • Example: Gasoline • Immiscible: A heterogeneous mixture of liquids • Example: Oil & Water

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