Chapter 28 – Sun-Earth-Moon System

1. Chapter 28 – Sun-Earth-Moon System Space, the final frontier... -Cpt. James T. Kirk- USS Enterprise

2. OBJECTIVES • Describe electromagnetic radiation. • Explain how telescopes work. • Describe space exploration. 28.1 Tools of Astronomy

3. The arrangement of waves that includes gamma rays, X rays, ultraviolet radiation, visible light, infrared radiation, microwaves, and radio waves according to wavelength and frequency is called the electromagnetic spectrum. 28.1 Electromagnetic spectrum

4. The telescope that uses lenses to bring visible light to a focus is a refracting telescope. 28.1 Refracting Telescopes

5. Telescopes that uses mirrors to bring visible light to a focus 28.1 Reflecting Telescopes

6. 28.1 Interferometry • Interferometryis the process of linking many separate telescopes together to act as one

7. Hubble Space Telescope • Telescopes are placed above the atmosphere in order to most effectively collect infrared and ultraviolet radiation, X-rays, and gamma rays. 28.1 Satellites

8. 28.1 Mars Probe (unpublished)

9. Cell phones, PCs, flat screen TV are a few examples of this. 28.1 Space spinoff

10. OBJECTIVES • Describe the development of exploration of the Moon • Identify features on the Moon. • Explain the theories about how Moon was created. 28.2 The Moon

11. Space Race Yuri Gagarin was the first man in space.

12. Project Mercury Alan Shepard was the first American man in space. Project Mercury launched the first American into space on May 5, 1960.

13. Project Gemini Project Gemini launched a two-person spacecraft into orbit in 1965.

14. Apollo Missions Project Apollo The space exploration program that landed astronauts on the Moon was Apollo.

15. July 20, 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first man to step foot on the Moon.

16. The Moon’s surface is very different from the surface of Earth because the Moon has no erosion. Moon’s Features

17. Ejecta is the material blasted out of the Moon’s surface as a result of space-object impacts. Ejecta

18. Dark, smooth plains on the Moon's surface (Maria, pl.) Mare

19. The portion of sunlight reflected by the Moon’s surface. Albedo (actually from any satellite or planet that cannot produce its own light)

20. Valley-like structures on the Moon's surface Rilles

21. The Moon's state, in which its rotational and orbital periods are equal Synchronous Rotation

22. Simultaneous formationtheory The theory that suggests the Moon was formed at about the same time as Earth and from similar materials is called the simultaneous formation theory.

23. Moon Tracks – Features & History Web-site: http://trackstar.4teachers.org/trackstar/ Find A Track – View Track # 317121 28.2 Moon Tracks

24. OBJECTIVES • Identify the relative positions and motions of Earth, the Sun , and the Moon. • Describe the phases of the moon. • Explain eclipses of the Sun and Moon. 28.3 The Sun-Earth-Moon System

25. The daily rising and setting of heavenly objects like the Sun is caused by the rotation of Earth. Earth’s Rotation

26. Our timekeeping system is based on the solar day. Solar Day

27. Hanging-weight system that helps demonstrate the rotation of Earth Foucault pendulum

28. Plane of the Earth's orbit about the Sun called the ecliptic Ecliptic

29. Different seasons occur because of Earth’s tilt and Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun. Earth’s Tilt Net effect: Seasons!

30. Solstice Earth’s position near or on December 21, at which the northern hemisphere has its minimum daylight hours Earth’s position around June 21, at which the northern hemisphere has its maximum daylight hours

31. ‘Vernal’ Equinox Earth’s position when the lengths of day and night are equal ‘Autumnal’

32. Earth-Sun Relations

33. Apogee vs. perigee Apogee - Farthest point from Earth in the Moon’s orbit Perigee - Closest point to Earth in the Moon’s orbit

34. The sequential changes in the appearance of the Moon are called lunar phases. Lunar Phases Sun

35. When the Moon waxes during its lunar cycle, the amount of its sunlight portion that we see appears to increase in size. Waxing

36. When 2 full moons occur in the same calendar month.. “Blue Moon”

37. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's shadow. Lunar Eclipse Can only occur during the phase of the fullmoon.

38. Solar Eclipse Occurs when the Moon passes directly between the Sun and Earth (Solar eclipses can only occur at time of New Moon)

39. People who see a partial solar eclipse are located in the penumbra portion of the Moon's shadow. Partial Eclipse

40. The orbit of the Moon is tilted 5° relative to the ecliptic plane of the Earth-Sun. ie. Most months its shadow passes north or south of the Earth. Eclipses - Why not every month?

41. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon and blocks some or all of the light of the Full Moon. (Lunar eclipes can only occur at time of Full Moon) Coming Eclipses (2001-2005)