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Nettverk Software Protocol Hierarchies

Nettverk Software Protocol Hierarchies. Lag, protokoller og grensesnitt. Protocol Hierarchies (3). Eksempel på informasjonsflyten med en protokoll på lag 5. Design Issues for the Layers. Addressing Slik at datapakka kommer fram til riktig mottager Error Control

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Nettverk Software Protocol Hierarchies

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  1. Nettverk SoftwareProtocol Hierarchies • Lag, protokoller og grensesnitt

  2. Protocol Hierarchies (3) • Eksempel på informasjonsflyten med en protokoll på lag 5.

  3. Design Issues for the Layers • Addressing • Slik at datapakka kommer fram til riktig mottager • Error Control • Feilkontroll, slik at systemet oppdager bit-feil i datapakka • Flow Control • Flytkontroll, slik at mottager klarer å ”svelge unna” data som kommer • Multiplexing • Multipleksing, slik at flere kan dele samme kommunikasjonslinje • Routing • Ruting, slik at data går riktig vei igjennom et nettverk

  4. Connection-Oriented and Connectionless Services • Seks forskjellige typer av tjenester (service).

  5. Service Primitives • Fem service primitivesfor implementering av en enkel forbindelsesorientert tjeneste (connection-oriented service).

  6. Service Primitives (2) • Packets sent in a simple client-server interaction on a connection-oriented network.

  7. Services to Protocols Relationship • The relationship between a service and a protocol.

  8. Reference Models • The OSI Reference Model • The TCP/IP Reference Model • A Comparison of OSI and TCP/IP • A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols • A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model

  9. Reference Models The OSI reference model.

  10. Reference Models (2) • The TCP/IP reference model.

  11. Reference Models (3) • Protocols and networks in the TCP/IP model initially.

  12. Comparing OSI and TCP/IP Models • Concepts central to the OSI model • Services • Interfaces • Protocols

  13. A Critique of the OSI Model and Protocols • Why OSI did not take over the world • Bad timing • Bad technology • Bad implementations • Bad politics

  14. Bad Timing • The apocalypse of the two elephants.

  15. A Critique of the TCP/IP Reference Model • Problems: • Service, interface, and protocol not distinguished • Not a general model • Host-to-network “layer” not really a layer • No mention of physical and data link layers • Minor protocols deeply entrenched, hard to replace

  16. Hybrid Model • The hybrid reference model to be used in this book.

  17. Example Networks • The Internet • Connection-Oriented Networks: X.25, Frame Relay, and ATM • Ethernet • Wireless LANs: 802:11

  18. The ARPANET • (a) Structure of the telephone system. • (b) Baran’s proposed distributed switching system.

  19. The ARPANET (2) • The original ARPANET design.

  20. The ARPANET (3) • Growth of the ARPANET (a) December 1969. (b) July 1970. • (c) March 1971. (d) April 1972. (e) September 1972.

  21. NSFNET • The NSFNET backbone in 1988.

  22. Internet Usage • Traditional applications (1970 – 1990) • E-mail • News • Remote login • File transfer

  23. Architecture of the Internet • Overview of the Internet.

  24. X.21, X.25 og Frame Relay X.21 Linjesvitsjet datanett. Kom i begynnelsen av 1970-årene (Datex) X.25 Pakkesvitsjet datanett. Protokoll. Kom i 1970-årene (Datapak) Frame Relay er en ”forenklet” X.25 protokoll. Kom i 1980-årene

  25. ATM Virtual Circuits • Asynchronous Transfer Mode (1990) • A virtual circuit.

  26. ATM Virtual Circuits (2) • An ATM cell.

  27. The ATM Reference Model • The ATM reference model.

  28. The ATM Reference Model (2) • The ATM layers and sublayers and their functions.

  29. Ethernet • Architecture of the original Ethernet.

  30. Wireless LANs • (a) Wireless networking with a base station. • (b) Ad hoc networking.

  31. Wireless LANs (2) • The range of a single radio may not cover the entire system.

  32. Wireless LANs (3) • A multicell 802.11 network.

  33. Network Standardization • Who’s Who in the Telecommunications World • Who’s Who in the International Standards World • Who’s Who in the Internet Standards World

  34. ITU (International Telecommunication Union) • Main sectors • Radiocommunications (ITU-R) • Telecommunications Standardization (ITU-T) CCITT • Development (ITU-D) • Classes of Members • National governments • Sector members • Associate members • Regulatory agencies

  35. IEEE 802 Standards The 802 working groups. The important ones are marked with *. The ones marked with  are hibernating. The one marked with † gave up.

  36. Metric Units • The principal metric prefixes.

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