Communication Networks for the Future Army “ARL TALK’’

1. Communication Networks for the Future Army “ARL TALK’’ Space-Time Processing for Enhanced Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Networking MURI KICKOFF UCSD Dr. Ananthram Swami The Army Research Laboratory a.swami@ieee.org 15 June 2004

2. FCS Network Communications Architecture

3. Future Army Communication Network Vision Fully-mobile network centric Force operating in a highly dynamic, wireless, mobile networking environment that is: • Rapidly deployable • Self-(organizing, configuring, contained) • Survivable and secure • Interoperable with Joint Forces • With reachback communications and connectivity with GIG

4. Technical & Operational Challenges Dynamic Ad Hoc Networking with Wireless Comms: • Highly dynamic networks with mobile nodes AND mobile infrastructure (routing, security, configuration; node loss) • Comms while on-the-move: dense foliage / urban settings • LPD/LPI, jamming/interference, and denial-of-service • Communications channels noisy and congested • Cannot rely on centralized network or security services • Intermittent connectivity caused by mobility/noisy channels • Accommodate non-contiguous spectrum availability • Scalability to thousands of nodes • Diverse comms requirements (net fire, sensors, sas, video) • Net mgmt intervention limited during tactical ops • Resource constraints (swap, energy, bw, processing power)

5. DIE HARD Mobility and Overhead Ad Hoc Mobile Network Aggregate 200 Mbps Capability • DoD ad hoc network experiment (mobile & high QoS) • Network overhead dominates • Fixed overhead increasingly less efficient as duty cycle decreases 512 byte packet, 32 mcps & FEC = 1/2 @ 4000 kbps maximum burst Headers for each level Timing Status etc From SUO SAS TIM, June 12 & 13 2001 • Does Not Include Initial Acquisition, Other Entry Requests, TCP, Routing Table, and Related Bandwidth Requirements Chip-scale sensor Chip-scale radio Actual Application 1.8 Mbps Data  0.9 % The future?

6. Some Key Future Army Network Implications and Issues • Directional Antennas: survivability, covertness, and data rates Impact on MAC, Routing, Network ?? • Rethink OSI layering: to promote adaptability, and efficiency; and Security • Scalability issues in large heterogeneous networks • Routing must be scaleable and adaptable • Distributed ``infrastructure elements’’ for survivability and availability during mobile operations • Airborne communications assets: relays and extended coverage

7. Consortium Partners Some MIMO Tasks: Technical Areas Communications and Networks Collaborative Technology Alliance • Telcordia Technologies (Lead) • Network Associates • BBN Technologies • General Dynamics • BAE Systems • Georgia Tech • U of Maryland • U of Minnesota • U of Delaware • Princeton • Johns Hopkins • Morgan State • CCNY • Clark-Atlanta • Rate/diversity tradeoffs w various CSI feedback flavors • STC designs • MIMO-OFDM • Testbeds • Cooperative relaying – MUD • Info-theoretic issues • Sectored vs. adaptive antenna tradeoffs • Joint source coding • Sensor networking • MIMO-MAC • Survivable Wireless Mobile Networks • Signal Processing for Comms-on-the-Move • Secure Jam-Resistant Communications • Tactical Information Protection

8. Challenges (Design, Analysis, Theory) • Robust wideband tactical mobile networks : • Analytical framework for general theory of wireless networking ? • Models for joint optimization of cross-layer protocols • Fundamental limits on multi-hop networks: metrics? W constraints? • Low-cost low-power long-lifetime large-scale sensor networks • Tools & algorithms for cross-layer design Analytical frameworks for trade-offs (BW, E. BER, latency, mobility) • Information and network theories for scaling laws • Analysis, Simulation, Testing / Experiments