Latest Insights into Nutrition and Health: What's on Your Plate?

1. Nutrizione e salute: cosa c’è di nuovo nel piatto?Andrea Poli, NFI – Nutrition Foundation of Italy

2. QNLPD!

3. QNLPD! Attenzione: Questo Non Lo Possiamo Dire!

4. Healthydietcharacteristicsaccording to the 2016 ESC guidelines for CV prevention Piepoli MF et al, EurHeartJ, 2016

5. QNLPD! Saturated fats de Souza RJ et al, Brit Med J 2015

6. Virtanen JK et al, ArteriosclThrombVascBiol 2014

7. Total fat and different types of fat intake in spanish high risk patients of the PREDIMED cohort: effects on all-cause mortality QNLPD! Guasch-Ferré M et al, Am J Clin Nutr 2015

8. Total fat and different types of fat intake in spanish high risk patients of the PREDIMED cohort: effects on all-cause mortality QNLPD! Guasch-Ferré M et al, Am J Clin Nutr 2015

9. A changingview on SFAs and dairy: from enemy to friend Astrup A, Am J Clin Nutr 2014

10. Dairy, total CVD and CHD: a metanalysis Alexander DD et al, Brit J Nutr 2016

11. Dairy and stroke: a metanalysis Alexander DD et al, Brit J Nutr 2016

12. Dairyintake and body weightchange in a US non-overweightwomencohort Q1 for dairyintake Q5 for dairyintake RautiainenS et al, AmJClinNutr 2016

13. Latte e tumori: le evidenze della letteratura

15. CHD Deathsattributable to low PUFA n-6 high SFA or high TFA in variouscountries WangQ et al, JAmHeartAssoc 2016

17. Polyphenol intake and all-cause mortality risk: a re-analysis of the PREDIMED trial -37% Tresserra-Rimbau A et al, BMC Medicine 2014

18. Epicatechinintake and CV risk in the Zutphenelderlycohort (25 years follow-up) Sources: tea 51%, apples 25%, cocoa 7% Dower JI et al, AmJClinNutr 2016

19. Whole-grainintake and total, cardiovascular, and cancermortality: a systematicreview and meta-analysis of prospectivestudies Chen GC et al, AmJClinNutr 2016

20. Whole-grainintake and total, cardiovascular, and cancermortality: a systematicreview and meta-analysis of prospectivestudies Chen GC et al, AmJClinNutr 2016

21. Cause specific mortality, according to frequency of nut consumption Bao Y et al, N Engl J Med 2013

22. Coffee Consumption and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis Cardiovascular mortality Crippa A et al, Am J Epidemiol 2014

23. Coffee Consumption and Mortality From All Causes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis All-cause mortality -13% Crippa A et al, Am J Epidemiol 2014

24. Chocolate intake and myocardial infarction risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies Larsson S et al, Heart 2016

25. Chocolate intake and myocardial infarction risk: a meta-analysis of prospective studies Larsson S et al, Heart 2016

26. Chocolate flavanols consumption and cognition: the Cocoa, Cognition and Aging (CoCoA) Study Mastroiacovo D et al, Am J Clin Nutr 2014

27. Coffee consumption and incident cognitive decline: a dose-response meta-analysis Wu L et al, ClinicalNutrition 2016

28. I molteplici effetti dei polifenoli • Effetto antiossidante (?) • Effetto antiinfiammatorio • Effetti sulla trascrizione genica • Inibizione dell’attività delle amilasi • Effetti sul microbiota (con formazione di metaboliti secondari) • Effetto sulla conversione degli omega-3 a più corta catena (ALA ed EPA) in DHA

29. Plasma fatty acids in vegans and omnivorous Sarter B et al, Clin Nutr 2014

30. Il minimo dell’end-point combinato mortalità/eventi CV maggiori si osserva in associazione con apporti di 5 g/die di Sodio , pari a 12,5 g di NaCl/die QNLPD! Mente A et al, Lancet, 2016

31. Sodiumexcretion, CV events and overallmortality in subjects with and withouthypertension Mente A et al, Lancet, 2016

32. Sodiumexcretion, CV events and overallmortality in subjects with and withouthypertension Mente A et al, Lancet, 2016

35. Cosa ne dicono gli epidemiologi del PURE Study • Mostreviewssaysaltisdangerous, mostrecentexperimentalpapersfind no correlation or “J” shapedcorrelations • Several short-termstudiesalsodemonstrateactivationof the renin-aldosterone-angiotensinsystemwith lowsodiumintake, whichprovides a biologicalrationale for the higherrates of cardiovasculareventsreported in severalprospectivecohortstudies • Reducingsodiumintake in thoseconsuming high sodiumintake (>5 g/day), to moderate intakelevels (3–5 g/day) isnotcontroversial, asthereisgeneral consensusbased on the consistency of bloodpressure and cardiovascular data. • The controversyresides in whethersodiumintakeshould be furtherrestricted to verylowlevels (< 2.4 g/day), whichhasyet to be sustainablyachieved in anypopulation, whichis a rangewhere the effects on bloodpressure are modest and there are additionalconcernsaboutsafety. O’Donnell M et al, InternJEpidemiol 2016

36. SBP and overall mortality in 1,000,000 Korean Adults Yi SW et al, Circulation 2016

37. Sensibilità al sale in vari gruppi Farquhar WB et al, J Am Coll Cardiol 2015

38. Chokshi DA et al, JAMA 2015

39. Alcool e rischio di diabete di tipo II: una metanalisi(700k soggetti, da 26 studi, 30kcasi di diabete) Li XH et al, AmJClinNutr 2016

40. Mozaffarian D, Circulation, 2016

41. Markers di felicità nel “Million Women Study” Liu B et al., Lancet 2015

42. Markers di felicità nel “Million Women Study” QNLPD! Liu B et al., Lancet 2015

43. BMI e mortalità per tutte le cause: un bersaglio mobile? QNLPD ASSOLUTAMENTE AfzalS et al, JAMA 2016

44. Distribuzione del consumo di zuccheri totali nello studio LIZ Marangoni et al., Eur J Nutr 2016

45. Caratteristiche dei soggetti con differente consumo di zuccheri nello studio LIZ QNLPD! Marangoni F et al., Eur J Nutr 2016

46. Sugar intake and CVD mortality in US Yang Q et al, JAMA InternMed 2014

47. Sugar intake and CVD mortality in US Italy: 7/8% Yang Q et al, JAMA InternMed 2014

48. Healthyeatingand mortality in a cohort of CHDpatientswhitstate-of-the-art drug treatment The DutchHealthyNutrient and Food Score (DHNaFS) included 11 nutrient-dense foodgroups: vegetables, fruit, wholegrains, protein-richplantfoods (mostlylegumes), potatoes, leanmeat, fish, eggs, low-fatmilk and yogurt, oils and soft margarines, and noncaloricdrinks. The DutchUndesirableNutrient and Food Score (DUNaFS) included 13 foodgroups high in solidfats, sodium, and/or added sugar: processedfruit, high-fatmeat, processedmeat, full-fatmilk, cheese; refinedgrains, butter and hard margarines, soups, spreads, ready-to-eatmeals, savorysnacks, sweetsnacks, and sugar-sweetenedbeverages. 4,307 CHD pts from the Alpha-Omega Trial, 60-80 yrs at baseline, 10 yrs follow-up Sijstma FPC et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2015

49. Healthyeatingand mortality in a cohort of CHDpatientswhitstate-of-the-art drug treatment All cause mortality Cardiovascular mortality 4,307 CHD pts from the Alpha-Omega Trial, 60-80 yrs at baseline, 10 yrs follow-up Sijstma FPC et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2015

50. Healthyeatingand mortality in a cohort of CHDpatientswhitstate-of-the-art drug treatment All cause mortality Cardiovascular mortality 4,307 CHD pts from the Alpha-Omega Trial, 60-80 yrs at baseline, 10 yrs follow-up Sijstma FPC et al, Am J Clin Nutr, 2015