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Teachers , Schools, and Society A Brief Introduction to Education Third Edition David Miller Sadker Karen R. Zittleman. FINANCING AND GOVERNING AMERICA ’ S SCHOOLS. Chapter 7. 100%. 90. 80. 70. Percentage of students in school who are black or Latino. 60. 50. 40. 30. 20. 10. 0.
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Teachers,Schools, andSociety A Brief Introduction to Education Third Edition David Miller Sadker Karen R. Zittleman FINANCING AND GOVERNING AMERICA’S SCHOOLS Chapter 7
100% 90 80 70 Percentage of students in school who are black or Latino 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percentage of schools with majority in poverty SCHOOL SEGREGATION AND POVERTY
THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY COMES FROM Source: Public Education Finances, 2008. U.S. Census Bureau. Issued June 2010.
THE PUBLIC EDUCATION DOLLAR: WHERE THE MONEY GOES Source: Public Education Finances, 2008 U.S. Census Bureau. Issued June 2010.
DOES MONEY MATTER? • Local Control • Horatio Alger • Genetics • Culture of Poverty • Flawed Studies • Previous Funding Increases Have Not Resulted in Achievement Gains
PER-PUPIL AND SECONDARY EXPENDITURES FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS: SCHOOL YEAR 2007-2008 Source: Public Education Finances, 2008, U.S. Census Bureau, April 2007, Updated June 2010.
Federal Budget Source: Federal Role in Education, U.S. Department of Education (2008). www.ed.gov/about/overview/fed/role.html
7.7 PUBLIC OPINION ON FINANCING EDUCATION Which do you think is the best way to finance the public schools – by means of local property taxes, by state taxes, or by taxes from the federal government in Washington? Source: 40th PDK/Gallup Poll.
Public View of Money andQuality of Education In your opinion, how much does the amount of money spent on public school student’s education affect the quality of his or her education? Source: Phi Delta Kappa/Gallup Poll 2010
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS IMPACT THE CONDITION OF SCHOOLS • VENTILATION • HEATING • INDOOR AIR QUALITY • ACOUSTICS OR NOISE CONTROL • PHYSICAL BUILDING SECURITY • LIGHTING CONDITIONS
STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL STATE SCHOOL GOVERNMENT Source: Digest of Education Statistics, National Center for Educational Statistics Common Core Data, “National Public Education Financial Survey,” U.S. Department of Education, 2000-01.
WHO CONTROLS WHAT? (STATE) • Levy taxes • License teachers and other educators • Set standards for school attendance, safety, etc. • Outline minimum curricular and graduation standards (sometimes including specific textbooks to be used and competency tests for student graduation and teacher certification) • Regulate the nature and size of local school districts
WHO CONTROLS WHAT?(LOCAL) • Implement state regulations and policies • Create and implement local policies and practices for effective school administration • Hire school personnel • Provide needed funds and build appropriate facilities • Fix salaries and working conditions • Translate community needs into educational practice • Initiate additional curriculum, licensing, or other requirements beyond state requirements • Create current and long-range plans for the school district
Average salary $88, 062 Elementary Middle School High school $93, 478 $99, 365 WHAT PRINCIPALS EARN Source: National Association of Elementary School Principals, Educational Research Service (2004-2005).
SUPERINDENT PAYCHECKS Source: Salaries and Wages for Professional and support Personnel in Public Schools, 2006-2007.”
PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY PRINCIPALS Source: National Center of Educational Statistics, “Public and Private School Principals by Selected Characteristics,”Condition of Education, 2010, Figure 29-1.