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p harynx

p harynx . p harynx . It is a fibro-muscular funnel-shaped tube extending from the base of the skull to the lower border of C. 6 where it continues as the oesophagus . It lies behind the nose, mouth, and larynx. . S ubdivision of the Pharynx. I. Naso -pharynx

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p harynx

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  1. pharynx

  2. pharynx • It is a fibro-muscular funnel-shaped tube extending from the base of the skull to the lower border of C. 6 where it continues as the oesophagus. • It lies behind the nose, mouth, and larynx.

  3. Subdivisionof the Pharynx I. Naso-pharynx - It extends from the base of the skull to the upper surface of the soft palate. - It communicates anteriorly with the nose through the posterior nasal aperature. - It communicates inferiorly with the oropharynx through the pharyngeal isthmus.

  4. Features of the nasopharynx 1. Pharyngeal opening of the auditory tube (Eustachian or pharyngotympanic): 2. Tubal elevation: 3. Salpingo-pharyngeal fold: 4. Salpingo-palatine fold: 5. Pharyngeal recess: 6. Pharyngeal tonsil: - It is a collection of a lymphoid tissue on the posterior wall of the pharynx. - If enlarged it is called the adenoids. Tubal elevation Pharyngeal recess Salpingopharyngeal fold

  5. II. Oro-pharynx - It extends from the lower surface of the soft palate to the upper border of the epiglottis at. - It communicates anteriorly with the oral cavity by an opening called the oropharyngealisthmusmade by the palatoglossal arch on each side (each arch is made by palatoglossusmuscle covered by mucous membrane). - It also contains the palatopharyngeal arch (made by palatopharyngeus muscle covered by mucous membrane). - Between the palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches there is the “palatine tonsil”.

  6. III. Laryngopharynx - It extends from the upper border of the epiglottis to the level of the cricoid cartilage (C. 6) where it continues as the oesophagus. - Its upper part lies behind the inlet of the larynx. * Pyriform fossa - It is a depression on each side of the inlet of the larynx. - The nerve supply of the mucous membrane of the pyriform fossa is the internal laryngeal nerve.

  7. Muscles of Pharynx - The pharynx is formed of three constrictor muscles(superior, middle, and inferior), and three small muscles (stylopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and salpingopharyngeus). - The three constrictor muscles encircle the pharynx and all insert posteriorly into the “median fibrous raphe” which is attached upwards into the pharyngeal tubercle. - The muscles don’t extend up to the base of the skull, here the wall consists of the pharyngobasilar fascia.

  8. Nerve supply of the pharynx 1. Motor supply: • All muscles of the pharynx are supplied by the “pharyngeal plexus” (cranial part of accessory nerve through the pharyngeal branch of vagus nerve). • EXCEPT stylopharyngeuswhich is supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve. 2. Sensory supply: - Nasopharynxis supplied by pharyngeal branch of maxillary nerve through sphenopalatine ganglion. - Oropharynx is supplied by glossopharyngeal nerve and lesser palatine nerves. - Laryngopharynxis supplied by internal laryngeal nerve.

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