Assuring Quality

1. Assuring Quality A guide for youth livestock producers EIRICH, 2009

2. What is Quality Assurance? • Quality: • Are the products that come from animals: • Safe and Healthy? • Good Consumer Experiences? • Assurance: • A pledge or a promise • To consumers

3. Quality Assurance Promise • “The food from our livestock will be the highest possible quality and we will do everything we can to make these products safe and healthy for our consumers.” • Regardless of how many animals you raise or what species, YOU are producing food that will be on someone’s table!

4. Food Supply Continuum • Producers start the cycle by raising a safe, healthy and quality product • All segments are responsible for product safety and quality • Each segment relies on the other segments to do their part

5. Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points For Youth Producers it means: Identifying and eliminating or changing those practices that have the potential to cause food safety problems with the meat, milk or eggs we produce for the food supply. HACCP and Food Safety

6. Good Production Practice (GPP) • 10 Guidelines for Producer to Assure: • Food Safety • Healthier Animals • Better Performance Efficiency • Humane Production Practices

7. GPP 1 “Establish a herd/flock health management plan.” • Herd/Flock Health Management Plans include: • Working with your veterinarian • Regular animal evaluation and observation • Biosecurity • Rodent/pest control • Cleaning and disinfecting tools and facilities

8. GPP 1 - Biosecurity • Preventative Measures • Procedures to prevent animal health concerns • Reduce Risk • Plans to reduce the spread of disease through your herd and neighboring herds • Record Keeping • Maintain records of treatment and movement of livestock

9. GPP 2 “Develop a Veterinarian/Client/Patient Relationship (VCPR).” • VCPR are Key • Provide advise for animal health practice and plans • Assist with animal health diagnosis • Provide assistance with prescription drugs or over-the-counter drug

10. GPP 2 - Medications • Over The Counter (OTC) vs. Prescription • OTC - Any medication that can be purchased legally without a veterinarian’s prescription • Prescription - Any medication requiring a veterinarian’s authorization for purchase • Why Prescription? • Margin of Safety - Animals and People • Difficulty identifying disease being treated

11. GPP 2 - Drug Use • Labeled Use - Using the medication EXACTLY as it is specified on the label. • Legal • Off Label Use - Using medication in a manner other than what is stated on the label without veterinarian guidance. • ILLEGAL!!!! • Extra Label Use - Using medication with a VETERINARIAN prescription in a matter other than what’s on the label. • Legal

12. GPP 2 - Maximum Residue Level (MRL) • Approved by the Food and Drug Administration • Maximum amount of drug that may be allowed in the animal’s tissues at harvest that will have no risk to public health • MRL may vary for countries outside the United States

13. GPP 3 “Keep Antibiotics As Good AsGOLD” • Generate a plan for disease prevention • Observe for early signs of disease • Listen to veterinary advice • Deliver the best medication, dose and duration

14. Activities, Videos or Discussion • 2012 - GPP 1 - Developing Herd Health Plan • 2013 - GPP 2 - VCPR, Medication Types and Maximum Residue Levels • 2014 - GPP 3 - Responsible Antibiotic Use

15. GPP 4 “Identify and track animals performance and treatments” • Animal Identification • Premise Identification • National Animal Identification System (NAIS) • Country of Origin Labeling (COOL)

16. GPP 4 - Animal Identification • Permanent Identification • Hot or Freeze Branding (Beef, Dairy) • Tattoo (Beef, Dairy, Rabbits, Goats, Sheep) • Ear Notching (Swine, Beef) • Temporary Identification • Paint Maker • Ear Tags (Beef, Dairy, Sheep, Swine, Goats) • Brisket Tags (Beef, Dairy) • Leg Bands (Poultry, Dairy)

17. GPP 4 - Premise Identification • Voluntary (Required by Some Processing Facilities) • Online Registration Form • www.animalid.us • Information Required • Operation/Producer Name • Address • Contact Information • Legal Description of Premise • No Fees

18. GPP 4 - Flock Identification • Mandatory • All animals of breeding age must have USDA Scrapie Tag • Used to reduce the risk of disease

19. Ear Notching Identification 27 81 9 9 3 3 1 1 RightEar Left Ear

20. Test Your Ear Notching Skills 9+3 =12 1+1 =2 12-2

21. GPP 4 -National Animal ID System (NAIS) • Standardize animal identification programs and practices to all livestock species and poultry • NAIS Components • Animal Identification • Premise Identification • Animal Tracking • Long Term Goal • Be capable of “identifying all livestock and premises that have had direct contact with a disease of concern within 48 hours after discovery”

22. GPP 4 - Country of Origin Labeling (COOL) • Implementation 2008-09 • Consumer Driven to ensure product safety • Animal Origin and Traceability • Birth to Consumers Purchase TRACEABILITY

23. GPP 5 “Maintain Medication and Treatment Records” • Records should include • Date treated • Animal Identification • Product Used • Dosage or Amount Used • Route of Administration • Who Administered the Medication • Withdrawal Time and Date

24. GPP 5 - Withdrawal Time • Withdrawal time is the amount of time needed for a drug to be broken down by the animal’s body, so there will be no chance of drug residue in the tissue. • Maximum Residue Levels (MRL) • Discussed in GPP 2

25. GPP 6 “Understanding Medication and Drug Labels” “Take Time to Read the Label”

26. GPP 6 - Medication Labels Treatment Indications Product Name Active Ingr. Dosage Labeled Species Cautions & Withdrawal Time

27. GPP 7 “Using Proper Techniques with Medication Administration” Understand and Use: • Proper Administration Procedures • Proper Equipment • Proper Administration Locations

28. GPP 7 -Administration of Drugs • Subcutaneous Injections (SubQ) • Under the Skin/Hide • Intramuscular Injections (IM) • Injection into Muscle Tissue • Intravenous Injections (IV) • Injection into Vein • Typically Performed by Veterinarian Subcutaneous Intramuscular

29. GPP 7 -Administration of Drugs • Intranasal (IN) • Sprayed into Nasal Cavity • Topical • Pour-on, Dips, Sprays, Powders • Oral Medication • Though food, water or drench

30. GPP 7 - Injection Equipment Equipment guidelines: • Use sterile needles • Use clean syringes • NEVER use a bent or broken needle • Clean reusable syringes properly • Dispose of used needles in “Sharps” Container

31. GPP 7- Administration Locations

32. GPP 7- Administration Locations • Beef and Dairy Cattle should not be given more than 10 cc per injection site • Sheep, goats and swine should not be given more than 5 cc per injection site • Smaller animal limits would be 2-3 cc per injection site

33. Activities, Videos or Discussion • 2012 - GPP 4 - Animal and Premise Identification • 2013 - GPP 5 - Medication Records, Withdrawal Times and Maximum Residue Levels • 2014 - GPP 6 - Medication Labels • 2014 - GPP 7 - Medication Administration

34. GPP 8 “Follow appropriate feed mixing and ration developing procedures”

35. GPP 8- Feed Mixing Current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) • Keep buildings and grounds neat and clean • Maintain and clean equipment • Organize feed storage and workspace • Develop guideline to assure quality feeds • Read and understand all medicated feed labels • Extra-Label Use of feed medication is ILLEGAL • Maintain good feed records and inventories

36. GPP 9 “Train all animal caretakers on all Good Production Practices” Training all caretakers in your operation or family is important to insure the best care is given for the well-being of all livestock/animals.

37. GPP 9 - Caretaker Checklist • Contact Information • How to contact owner • How to contact veterinarian • Animal Information • Species and number of animals • Location of animals • Feeding/Watering Instructions • Feed storage area • Feed and water amounts • Observation and general health care • Medication if necessary

38. GPP 10 “Maintain proper daily care for the animal best well-being” • Proper Handling • Proper Facilities • Daily Care

39. GPP 10 -Handling Livestock Understanding Animals’: • Flight Zone • Comfort Zone • Blind Spot • Range of Vision • Point of Balance • Movement

41. GPP 10 -Facilities • Proper Size • Proper Protection • Weather Conditions (Protect from Extreme) • Feeding Facilities • Adequate Space • Clean • Watering Equipment • Fresh • Clean

42. GPP 10 -Daily Care • Observe Animals • Proper Feeding • Proper Water Supply • Maintain/Clean Facilities Daily Care is important at home but is also top priority when at progress shows and fairs.

43. Activities, Videos or Discussion • 2014 - GPP 8 - Feed Labels and Nutrition • 2013 - GPP 9 - Caretaker Training • 2012 - GPP 10 - Handling, Facilities and Daily Care

44. Summary • Promise to always strive to produce the highest quality product you can • Develop a strong VCPR • Follow the Good Production Practices • Remember YOU are important to the future of the livestock industry

45. Extension is a Division of the Institute of Agriculture and Natural Resources at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln cooperating with the Counties and the United States Department of Agriculture. University of Nebraska–Lincoln Extension educational programs abide with the nondiscrimination policies of the University of Nebraska–Lincoln and the United States Department of Agriculture.