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Ecological and Evolutionary Principles. Ecology. the study of interactions between organisms and their environment distribution and abundance biotic vs. abiotic. Ecological Hierarchy. Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Individual. Niche.
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Ecology • the study of interactions between organisms and their environment • distribution and abundance • biotic vs. abiotic
Ecological Hierarchy Biosphere Ecosystem Community Population Individual
Niche • Range of environmental conditions over which an individual exists.
Types of Ecological Interactions • Predation + - • Parasitism + - • Competition + - or - - • Territoriality + - or - - • Commensalism + 0 • Mutualism + +
Predator Avoidance • Crypsis • Chromatophores • Aposematic coloration • Mimicry • Refugia • Mechanical protection- spines, tough exoskeleton, etc.
Population Level Terminology • population density • biomass • immigration, emigration, natality, mortality • cohort • carrying capacity • intraspecific and interspecific competition • distribution
More Terminology • competitive exclusion • disturbance • climax community • succession