Psychology 220 Unit 7 : Classifying Mental Disorders

3. Psychology 220Unit 7: Classifying Mental Disorders David Rude, MA, CPC

4. Introducing the concept of abnormalities Winnie the Pooh and friends

12. DSM-V (revised May, 2013) • Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders • First published in 1952 • Updated every few years • Reflects updated research and changing attitudes • Term Neurosis removed • Some disorders removed • Some disorders added

13. "Internet-Use Disorder" "Internet-Use Disorder" or IAD Being Added for further consideration to New Edition of DSM Some people who spend a lot of time on the Internet demonstrate similar symptoms to people diagnosed with other addiction disorders, and that the psychiatric community should study it and consider promoting it to a full-blown disorder. Are you Internet addicted…take this test or this test

14. Other new additions • Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder • Internet Gaming Addiction • Binge-eating Disorder – at least once a week for at least three months • Negative Altruism • Social Media Narcissism

15. ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder Autism is a group of developmental brain disorders, collectively called autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The term "spectrum" refers to the wide range of symptoms, skills, and levels of impairment, or disability, that children with ASD can have. Some children are mildly impaired by their symptoms, but others are severely disabled.

16. ASD is diagnosed according to guidelines listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). The manual currently defines five disorders, sometimes called pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs), as ASD: • Autistic disorder (classic autism) • Asperger's disorder (Asperger syndrome) • Pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) • Rett's disorder (Rett syndrome) • Childhood disintegrative disorder (CDD).

17. ASD: Autism Spectrum Disorder “It’s not a processing error, it’s a different operating system…”

18. What Is Autism? •  Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and autism are both general terms for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are characterized, in varying degrees, by difficulties in social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. They include autistic disorder, Rett syndrome, childhood disintegrative disorder, pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS) and Asperger syndrome

19. Fun Facts: • 1 out of 54 boys and 1 in 252 girls are diagnosed with autism in the United States. • About 40% of individuals diagnosed on the spectrum can communicate verbally • Autistic individuals often excel in one or more fields, but often do poorly on a standardized IQ test. • People with autism have overly-sensitive, highly acute hearing, sight, and smell. What is undetectable to the average person, can be painful to them. • They think literally, so to say, “It’s raining cats and dogs” to someone on the spectrum, would have them visualizing pets coming out of a pitcher! People you may know that are/were suspected to be on the spectrum… • Albert Einstein • Amadeus Mozart • Sir Isaac Newton • Charles Darwin • Thomas Jefferson • Michelangelo • Hans Christian Andersen • Andy Warholl • Emily Dickinson • Bob Dylan • Woody Allen • Daryl Hannah • Bill Gates • Steven Spielberg

20. “Non-Neurotypical People” • Notable entrepreneurs on the spectrum include Facebook's Mark Zuckerberg, Craigslist's Craig Newmark, and Bittorrent's Bram Cohen. And as Tate points out, autistic characteristics such as obsessiveness, impaired social interaction, and clumsiness can be beneficial in the tech sector. It's quite possible that these "impairments" are likely behind their success. In an age when economic globalization and other factors threaten to homogenize human culture, it's good to know that different minds can still give rise to new ideas. • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SiQtKWkIt5o

22. Classifying Mental Disorders • Mental Disorder: • Significant impairment in psychological functioning • Psychotic Disorder • Primary problem • Loss of contact with reality • Typical signs of trouble • You hear or see things that others don’t; your mind has been playing tricks on you

23. Mood Disorders Watch Antidepressants and Brain development • Primary problem • Mania or depression • Typical signs of trouble • You feel sad and hopeless • Your talk too loud and too much • You have a rush of ideas and feelings that others think are unreasonable.

24. Depression Nationwide

25. Psychological Explanations for Human Behavior (Watch Mental Illness and Suicide) 1. Name some reasons why a person might seriously consider suicide. Refer to map showing the most recent depression rates. • “Why is the rate of suicide higher in the Deep South than it is in California ?”

26. Anxiety disorders • Primary problem • High anxiety or anxiety-based distortions of behaviors • Typical signs of trouble • Anxiety attacks and feel like you are going to die • Afraid to do things that most people can do • Spend unusual amount of time doing things like washing your hands or counting your heartbeats.

27. Classifying Mental Disorders • Somatoform disorders • Primary problem • Bodily complaints without an organic (physical) basis

28. Typical signs of trouble • Feel physically sick, but your doctor says nothing is wrong with you • Suffer from pain that has no physical basis • Preoccupied with thoughts about being sick

29. Dissociative disorders • Primary problem • Amnesia, feelings of unreality, multiple identities • Typical signs of trouble • Major gaps in your memory of events • Feel like you are a robot or a stranger to yourself • Others say you have done things you don’t remember doing

30. Watch Evaluating Patients with Brain Damage

31. Personality disorders • Primary problem • Unhealthy personality patterns • Typical signs of trouble • Your behavior patterns repeatedly cause problems • At work • School • In your relationships with others

32. Watch Deep Brain Stimulation • Inside OCD

33. General Risk Factors • Psychological Factors • Low intelligence, stress, learning disorders • Biological Factors • Genetic defects or inherited vulnerabilities • Poor prenatal care • Low birth weight

34. Substance related disorders • Primary problem • Disturbances related to drug abuse or dependence • Typical signs of trouble • Drinking too much • Using illegal drugs • Taking prescription drugs more often than you should • Watch video on Addiction Transfer & Teenage Prescription Drug Abuse

35. Sexual and gender identity disorders • Primary problem • Disturbed gender identity, deviant sexual behavior, problems in sexual adjustment • Watch video on Transgender Professor • Typical signs of trouble • Feel that you are a man trapped in a woman’s body (or the reverse) • Can only gain sexual satisfaction by engaging in highly atypical sexual behavior • Have problems with sexual desire, arousal, or performance

36. Psychopaths and/or Sociopaths Factor 1: Interpersonal/Affective • Glibness/superficial charm • Grandiose sense of self-worth • Pathological lying • Cunning/manipulative • Lack of remorse or guilt • Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric) • Callousness; lack of empathy • Failure to accept responsibility for his or her own actions

37. Factor 2: Lifestyle/Antisocial • Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom • Parasitic lifestyle • Poor behavioral control • Lack of realistic long-term goals • Impulsiveness • Irresponsibility • Juvenile delinquency • Early behavior problems • Revocation of conditional release • Criminal versatility Traits not correlated with either factor • Promiscuous sexual behavior • Many short-term (marital) relationships

38. Insanity • Insanity • A legal term • Inability • To manage one’s affairs • To be unaware of the consequences of one’s actions

39. Insanity • Consequences of being judged insane (by a court of law) • Not held legally accountable for their actions • Can be involuntarily committed to a psychiatric hospital

40. Insanity How is a person declared to be insane? • Established by testimony from expert witnesses • A danger to themselves or to others, or severely mentally disabled • Most often occurs when people are brought to emergency rooms If two doctors agree Person will either • Commit suicide • Or hurt someone else They are put into a hospital

41. Psychotic Disorders • Two core features • Hallucinations • Imaginary sensations • Seeing, hearing, or smelling things that do not exist in the real world • Delusions • Holds a false belief regardless of the facts

42. Common Delusions • Depressive delusions • Feel they have committed horrible crimes or sinful deeds • Somatic delusions • Concern the body • One’s body is “rotting away” or emitting foul odors

43. Common Delusions • Delusions of grandeur • Thing they are an extremely important person • Delusions of influence • They feel they are being controlled or influenced by others or unseen forces • Delusions of persecution • Others are “out to get them”

44. Common Hallucinations • Most common • Hearing voices • Others • Tactile • Things crawling on skin • Extreme sensitivity to heat, cold, pain, or touch • Anesthesia - a loss of normal sensitivity

45. Psychotic Symptoms • Disturbed emotions • Mood Swings • Elation to depression • Flat Affect • Lack of emotional responsiveness • Flat affect

46. Psychotic Symptoms • Disturbed Verbal Communication • Garbled and chaotic speech; word salad • Problems with thought, memory, actions or attention • Personality Disintegration • When a person’s thoughts, actions and emotions are no longer coordinated • “Lost touch with person, place or time.”

47. Organic Psychosis • Psychosis caused by brain injury or disease • Toxic chemical poisoning (lead, mercury) • Steroid psychosis • Drugs and/or alcohol abuse

48. Dementiaa short film on dementia • Dementia • Serious mental impairment in old age • Caused by brain deterioration • Circulatory problems, repeated strokes, general brain shrinkage or atrophy • Results in disturbances in memory, reasoning, judgment, impulse control, and personality • Alzheimer’s Disease is most common form

49. Schizophrenia • Characterized by • Hallucinations • Delusions • Apathy • Thinking abnormalities • “Split” between thoughts and emotions

50. Schizophrenia • Symptoms • Emotions may become blunted or very inappropriate • Withdrawal from contact with others • Loss of interest in external activities • Breakdown of personal habits • Inability to deal with daily events • Does NOT refer to having split or multiple personalities