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Announcements. Quiz due Friday. ALEKS due Saturday. In-class Quiz over Chapter 13 - Friday. Chapter 13 Reaction Rates and Equilibrium. Law of Mass Action (Equilibrium Expression). Often stated as “products over reactants”. Magnitude of K eq.

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Announcements

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  1. Announcements • Quiz due Friday. • ALEKS due Saturday. • In-class Quiz over Chapter 13 - Friday

  2. Chapter 13Reaction Rates and Equilibrium

  3. Law of Mass Action (Equilibrium Expression) • Often stated as “products over reactants”

  4. Magnitude of Keq The magnitude of equilibrium constant (K) indicates if equilibrium favors reactants or products.

  5. Magnitude of Ka The magnitude of the acid dissociation constant (Ka) indicates strength of acid. The larger the Ka, the more the acid dissociates (producing H3O+), thus the stronger the acid. The smaller the Ka, the less…, the weaker the acid

  6. Which of the following acids is the strongest acid? • Cyanic acid, HOCN, Ka=3.5 x 10–4 • Formic acid, HCHO2, Ka=1.7 x 10–4 • Lactic acid, HC3H5O3, Ka=1.3 x 10–4 • Propionic acid, HC3H5O2, Ka=1.3 x 10–5 • Benzoic acid, HC7H5O2, Ka=6.3 x 10–5

  7. Le Chatelier's Principle • If a system in equilibrium is disturbed, the system will adjust to reestablish equilibrium. Ways to disturb equilibrium: • Add or subtract chemical components • Increase or decrease temperature • Increase or decrease pressure (adjust volume) (adding a catalyst will not disturb equilibrium)

  8. Add or subtract chemical component • If add component to left side of chemical eqn, reaction will shift right to reduce added component. • If remove component from left side of chemical eqn, reaction will shift left to replace lost component. • Effects of temperature on equilibrium • If rxn is exothermic, an↑in temp will ↓ products. • If rxn is endothermic, an ↑ in temp. will ↑ products. • Effects of pressure on equilibrium • If the pressure is increased by decreasing the volume of a reaction mixture, the reaction shifts in the direction of fewer moles of gas.

  9. Effects of catalysts on equilibrium ‐ Catalysts have NO effect on equilibrium. ‐ Catalysts only affect speed of reaching equilibrium

  10. How will each change affect equilibrium (shift left or right) • O2(g) is added • System is heated • Volume is doubled • Catalyst added • SO3(g) removed

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