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Chapter 13

Chapter 13. Transistors. Introduction. Transistors are three terminal devices that replaced vacuum tubes. They are solid state devices that are used for… Amplification Switching Detecting Light The three terminals are the… Emitter, Base, Collector (BJT) Source, Gate, Drain (FET).

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Chapter 13

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  1. Chapter 13 Transistors

  2. Introduction • Transistors are three terminal devices that replaced vacuum tubes. • They are solid state devices that are used for… • Amplification • Switching • Detecting Light • The three terminals are the… • Emitter, Base, Collector (BJT) • Source, Gate, Drain (FET)

  3. The BJT • Bipolar Junction Transistors are made with n-type and p-type semiconductors. • There are two types: npn and pnp. • Circuit Symbols • Transistor Analogy

  4. Diodes Circuit Symbol p-type n-type

  5. A Bipolar Transistor essentially consists of a pair of PN Junction Diodes that are joined back-to-back. This forms a sort of a sandwich where one kind of semiconductor is placed in between two others. There are therefore two kinds of Bipolar sandwich, the NPN and PNP varieties. The three layers of the sandwich are conventionally called the Collector, Base, and Emitter.

  6. Some of the basic properties exhibited by a Bipolar Transistor are immediately recognizable as being diode-like. However, when the 'filling' of the sandwich is fairly thin some interesting effects become possible that allow us to use the Transistor as an amplifier or a switch. To see how the Bipolar Transistor works we can concentrate on the NPN variety.

  7. Transistor Equations • Alpha Factor • Current Gain • Kirchhoff’s Current Rule

  8. What are the primary uses of transistors? • Switching (Logic Gates) • Amplification (Op-Amps)

  9. Logic Gates • NOT • AND • OR • NAND • NOR • XOR • XNOR

  10. H-bridge circuit for controlling motors. http://www.cpg1.freeserve.co.uk/servos/servos.htm

  11. Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers

  12. 741 Operational Amplifier

  13. 741 Operational Amplifier

  14. Introduction • Operational Amplifiers are integrated circuits (IC’s) that have a number of advantages over the standalone transistors. • Circuit Symbol and IC Pinouts

  15. Ideal Op-Amp (page 609) • The circuitry of an operational amplifier with a closed, negative-feedback loop will adjust its output in any way possible to make the inverting input and non-inverting input terminals of the device equal in voltage. • Infinite Input Impedance • The inputs draw no current. • The output impedance is zero.

  16. Inverting Amplifier • How does Vout depend in Vin? • Is there a phase shift between Vout and Vin?

  17. Non-Inverting Amplifier • How does Vout depend in Vin? • Is there a phase shift between Vout and Vin?

  18. Voltage Follower • How does Vout depend in Vin? • Is there a phase shift between Vout and Vin?

  19. Difference Amplifier • How does Vout depend in Vin? • Is there a phase shift between Vout and Vin?

  20. Chapter 14 Operational Amplifiers

  21. Junction Field Effect Transistors • JFET’s performs some of the same operations as BJT’s but they constructed differently. • It also has three terminals… • Source • Drain • Gate • Circuit Symbols

  22. Junction Field Effect Transistors

  23. Transistor Configurations • Common Emitter • Common Collector • Common Base • Emitter Follower • Darlington Configuration • Transistor Switch

  24. 2003 Notes • Shockley Equation on Excel • See Homework Problems

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