Matteo Curcuruto*, Marco Giovanni Mariani **, Salvatore Zappalà**

1. IT IN ORGANIZATIONS: EXTENDING TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL WITH CONSTRUCTS OF TASK–TECHNOLOGY FIT AND TRUST Matteo Curcuruto*, Marco Giovanni Mariani **, Salvatore Zappalà** *Dipartimento di Psicologia ed Antropologia Culturale, University of Verona (Italy) ** Dipartimento di Scienze dell’Educazione,University of Bologna (Italy)

2. TAM model • TAM focuses on attitudes and intentions toward using a particular IT developed by users on the basis of the perceived usefulness and ease of use of the IT (Davis, 1989). IT Perceived Usefulness External Behavioral Usage Variables Intention Behavior of IT IT Perceived Ease of Use

3. TTF model • TTF model suggests that factors explaining IT utilization are based on the type of task of the users.

4. TIST model • TIST Model considers trust in information technology as a dynamic construct that is established and is consolidated in progressive experiences with technology (Lippert, 2002). Predicability Trusting IT Reliability

5. Perceived Usefulness Perceived Ease of use Trust MODEL Task Technology Fit Intention of use an IT

6. Method Method • Participants are a group of Italian employees (n=501) from eight companies of private and public sectors. • Gender= 51% males; • Mean age = 38 y.o. (min. = 21; max=65; S.D.= 8.5) • 54% of the participants are graduated from secondary school; • 33.4% are employed in administration and human resources; 28.6% in technical sectors of the companies. • On average they use their PC for 5.35 hours every day in work situation. • 49.8% mostly used office applications, browser and e-mail software.

7. QUESTIONNAIRE WITH 5 SCALES On a frequently used software N. Item Min./Max. Mean SD Cronbach’s Alfa PERCEIVED USEFULNESS (Davis, 1989) 6 1-5 4.14 .69 .91 PERCEIVED EASE OF USE (Davis, 1989) 6 1-5 3.59 .83 .90 TASK-TECHNOLOGY FIT (Venkateche , 2000) 3 1-5 3.83 .87 .80 TECHNOLOGY TRUST (Lippert, 2002) 4 1-5 3.78 .87 .90 INTENTION TO USE TECHNOLOGY (Venkatech e , 2000) 3 1-5 4.22 .78 .88 Instruments

8. Path Analysis - M1 Perceived Usefulness Perceived Ease of use Trust .31 .57 .39 .06 Task Technology Fit Intention of use an IT . 18 .53 .04 .26 .61 Chi square=1.91; df=1; p=.17; chi2/df = 1.91; GFI=1.00; AGFI=98; CFI=1.00; RMSEA=.04

9. Path Analysis – M2 Perceived Usefulness Perceived Ease of use Trust Constraints 2 d.f. 2 d.f. Stat. Sig. Model 1 1.91 1 Model 2 EOUINT=0 EOUPU=0 5.00 3 3.09 2 n.s. .31 .57 .39 .00 Task Technology Fit Intention of use an IT . 18 .00 .53 .26 .61 Chi square=5.00; df=3; p=.17; chi2/df = 1.67; GFI=1.00; AGFI=98; CFI=1.00; RMSEA=.04

10. Conclusions and limits • In this research: • - The final model explains a rather good percentage of “intention of use” variance. • - The “ease of use” is no a rilevant variable. • Perception of Usefulness, Trust and Technology/task fit are the psychosocial variables which have to be treated for IT acceptance. • Main limits are on: the design of research (longitudinal), extension (model), sample (more companies).

11. References Davis, F.D. (1989). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of information technology. MIS Quaterly, 13, 3, 319-341. Goodhue, D.L. & Thompson, R.L. (1995). Task-technology fit and individual performance. MIS Quaterly, 19,2, 213-236. Lippert, S.K. (2002). Contributing to a unified model of technology trust: understanding trust in information systems technology. Academy of Business and Information Technology meeting, 2, 4, 343-364. Venkatesh, V. (2000). Determinants of perceived ease of use: integrating control, intrinsic motivation, and emotion into the technology acceptance model. Information Systems Research, 4, 11, 342-365.

12. Thank you!!