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DEFINITION • Physical symptoms that seem as if they are part of a general medical condition, however no general medical condition, other mental disorder, or substance is present. In this case psychological conflicts may becoming translated into physical problems or complaints. With the number one complaint being of some type of physical symptom, it is no wonder this disorder is often discovered in a general medical setting.
DEFINITION • This disorder encompasses several health disorders. The disease affects the daily activities of the patient. The patients do have a strong believe that they are sick and in turn might not be faking the illness. The disease is hard to be tested from many tests and it makes the patient more worried. Their treatment requires a lot of attention and the best treatment would be the family relationship. Nevertheless, many forms of treatment have worked on the disorder, which need a lot of care on the patient.
DEFINITION • There is no physical identifiable cause of the disease though there may be physical symptoms such as nauseas, depression, pain, and dizziness. Somatoform disorder is also known as briquet’s syndrome, Pain disorder, or Body dysmorphic disorder. This disorder has a variety of mental health disorders in which the main cause is not a specific physical symptom but it manifests itself as a physical disorder. The symptoms that the patients do have are many and they last for a long time preferably years due to them not being able to be narrowed to a specific physical cause.
Causes and symptoms • The disorder is mainly due to the family stresses, parental modeling, cultural influences, and biological factors. These causes bring about the state where many of the patients do have chronic headaches, pain in the back, nausea, muscle cramps, and arthritis.
Somatoform Disorders Types • Somatization Disorder • Undifferentiated Somatoform Disorder • Pain disorder – appears largely to come from the patients psychological factors, it is more commonly in the older age and the ration is nearly equal 2:1, • Conversion disorder – is where the patient’s senses of mobility are impaired with no cause only stress being the main factor. • Hypochondriasis – is mostly related to the stresses that one faces in life, it is marked by fear and lack of assurance. It is now in all age groups it is no long a disorder for the grown adults nut also the adolescents and children, • Body dysmorphic disorder – is a disorder that affects the features on the face or head that are exaggerated. • Somatoform Disorder not Otherwise Specified ( NOS )
Hypochondriasiswarning signs that person have hypochondriasis • The person has a history of going to many doctors. He or she might even "shop around" for a doctor who will agree that he or she has a serious illness. • The person recently experienced a loss or stressful event. • The person is overly concerned about a specific organ or body system, such as the heart or the digestive system. • The person’s symptoms or area of concern might shift or change. • A doctor’s reassurance does not calm the person’s fears. They believe the doctor is wrong or made a mistake. • The person might have had a serious illness as a child. • The person’s concern about illness interferes with his or her work, family, and social life. • The person might suffer from anxiety, nervousness, and/or depression.
HYPOCHONDRIASIS • is characterized by unexplained physical symptoms that can be directly related to fear that other person has contracting disease (disease conviction) or fear that he may acquire those identified disease (disease phobia). They are also still worried about their body despite a medical evaluation results ha been presented to him. And this fear may last at least 6 months.
What is hypochondriasis? • Hypochondriasis is a type of somatoform disorder, a mental illness in which a person has symptoms of a medical illness, but the symptoms cannot be fully explained by an actual physical disorder. • People with hypochondriasis are very worried about getting a disease or are certain they have a disease, even after medical tests show they do not. Further, these people often misinterpret minor health problems or normal body functions as symptoms of a serious disease. An example is a person who is sure that his or her headaches are caused by a brain tumor. The symptoms associated with hypochondriasis are not under the person’s voluntary control, and can cause great distress and/or can interfere with a person’s normal functioning.
Symptoms of hypochondriasis • Most people with hypochondriasis sometimes called hypochondriacs are worried about having a physical illness. The symptoms they describe can range from general complaints such as pain or tiredness to concerns about normal body functions such as breathing or stomach noises. People with hypochondriasis are not faking or lying about their symptoms; they truly believe they are sick.
Causes of hypochondriasis • The exact cause of hypochondriasis is not known. Factors that might be involved in the development of the disorder include the following: • A history of physical or sexual abuse • A poor ability to express emotions • A parent or close relative with the disorder Children might learn this behavior if a parent is overly concerned about disease and/or overreacts to even minor illnesses. • An inherited susceptibility for the disorder
Somatization disorder or Briquet’s hysteria • a kind of disorder in which a person experiences various physical symptoms with no known medical origin. Basically, the person who have this kind of disorder (begins by 30 years of age), normally complains multiple and chronic unexplained physical symptoms that may occur in different sites simultaneously, and he may also complains gastrointestinal, sexual or pseudoneurological symptoms.
Conversion disorder • a person who have this kind of disorder experiences sudden loss of neurological functions, usually this is the result of having severe stress felt by the body of the client. It can be one or multiple loss of voluntary motor or sensory function. It is said there were no evidence that showed that the occurrence of this symptoms is intentionally used by patient. Furthermore, it’s lost of function is not also associated to medical illness or patient response to cultural behavior but it may suggest that it can be associated with psychological factors.
Frequent form of conversion disorders • Pseudoparalysis. In pseudoparalysis, the patient loses the use of half of his/her body or of a single limb. The weakness does not follow anatomical patterns and is often inconsistent upon repeat examination. • Pseudosensory syndromes. Patients with these syndromes often complain of numbness or lack of sensation in various parts of their bodies. The loss of sensation typically follows the patient's notion of their anatomy, rather than known characteristics of the human nervous system. • Pseudoseizures. These are the most difficult symptoms of conversion disorder to distinguish from their organic equivalents. Between 5% and 35% of patients with pseudoseizures also have epilepsy. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) or measurement of serum prolactin levels, are useful in distinguishing pseudoseizures from epileptic seizures.
Frequent forms of conversion disorders • Pseudodiplopia. Pseudodiplopia, or seeing double, can usually be diagnosed by examining the patient's eyes. • Pseudoptosis. Ptosis, or drooping of the upper eyelid, is a common symptom of myasthenia gravis and a few other disorders. Some people can cause their eyelids to droop voluntarily with practice. The diagnosis can be made on the basis of the eyebrow; in true ptosis, the eyebrows are lifted, whereas in pseudoptosis they are lowered. • Hysterical aphonia. Aphonia refers to loss of the ability to produce sounds. In hysterical aphonia, the patient's cough and whisper are normal, and examination of the throat reveals normal movement of the vocal cords.
Frequent forms of conversion disorder • Pseudoparalysis. In pseudoparalysis, the patient loses the use of half of his/her body or of a single limb. The weakness does not follow anatomical patterns and is often inconsistent upon repeat examination. • Pseudosensory syndromes. Patients with these syndromes often complain of numbness or lack of sensation in various parts of their bodies. The loss of sensation typically follows the patient's notion of their anatomy, rather than known characteristics of the human nervous system. • Pseudoseizures. These are the most difficult symptoms of conversion disorder to distinguish from their organic equivalents. Between 5% and 35% of patients with pseudoseizures also have epilepsy. Electroencephalograms (EEGs) or measurement of serum prolactin levels, are useful in distinguishing pseudoseizures from epileptic seizures.
SOMATOFORM PAIN DISORDER • it is termed when a patient complains severe focused pain that cannot be attributed or relate the pain to specific medical disorder and cannot be relieved by analgesic. This pain can arise in one or more anatomical site and it is not intentionally done by the people who have it.
Body Dysmorphic Disorder • is another form of somatoform disorder in which a patient think that he or she has a defect in his or her body well in fact there is none; this can further be associated to unsuccessful attempts to correct the patient’s image, through undergoing series of cosmetic surgery.
Differential Diagnosis • somatoform disorder need to classify from other bodily-related mental disorder such as malingering and factitious disorder. This disorder is intentionally produced by the person for some purpose or something to get. A person who malingers is intentionally using a false or grossly exaggerated physical or psychological symptoms motivated by external reason such as avoiding to work, go to his appointment, etc. As soon as the person malingers gained what they want, their physical symptoms will stop. While, • Factitious disorder, a person is intentionally produces physical or psychological symptoms (may injure them selves) because they want to gain attention.
Treatment • The patient needs the greatest care in the administration of the treatment and it should be monitored at all times. The treatment has to be either medications, a firm relationship with a single practitioner, psychotherapy, and alternative medicine.
