Operational Risk Management (ORM) and the Driving Task

1. Operational Risk Management (ORM) and the Driving Task

2. ORM Why? • 1999 • Estimated 6,289,000 police reported traffic crashes. • 41,345 people killed. • 3,200,000 people injured. • Risk of crash involvement among drivers 16-19 years old is 4 times the risk among older drivers. • Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!

3. ORM TERMS • Hazard - A condition with the potential to cause illness, injury, death, property damage, or mission degradation. • Cause – Something that produces and effect, result, or consequence (i.e., the person, event or condition responsible for an action or result).

4. ORM TERMS • Risk - An expression of possible loss in terms of severity and probability. • Risk Assessment - The process of detecting hazards and assessing associated risks.

5. ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #1: Identify Hazards • List major steps in your operation/task. • Legs of your driving trip, etc. • Conduct a preliminary hazard analysis. • List hazards associated with each step/leg of your trip. • List the possible causes of the hazards.

6. ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #3: Make Risk Decisions • Develop controls for each hazard. • Reduce until benefit>risk. • Develop controls for most serious hazard first. • Assess each hazard again with controls in place. • Is the task worth the risk?

7. ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #4: Implement Controls • Incorporate your controls. • Communicate selected controls to the lowest level.

8. ORM FIVE-STEP PROCESS • STEP #5: Supervise • Enforce your standards and controls. • Remain alert for changes and unexpected developments. • Take corrective action if needed.

9. ORM QUESTIONS

10. ORM Principles • Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost. • Accept no unnecessary risk. • Anticipate and manage risk by planning. • Make risk decisions at the right level.

11. ORM AND SAFE DRIVING ORM is a proven and successful tool for operational use, but it has equal application to many types of activities where there is risk associated. A good example is driver safety. Photo

12. WHY ORM WHEN DRIVING? • Average of 114 persons die each day in motor vehicle crashes – one every 13 minutes. • Vehicle occupants accounted for 85.3% of traffic fatalities in 1998; remaining 14.7% were pedestrians, pedal cyclists, and other non-occupants. • The Naval Safety Center asserts that driver safety is our #1 readiness issue. • Sailors and Marines were among those casualties!

13. ALCOHOL AND DRIVING

14. THE DENISE WAGONER STORY "Photos courtesy of Drunk Busters of America  www.drunkbusters.com"

15. THE DENISE WAGONER STORY "Photos courtesy of Drunk Busters of America  www.drunkbusters.com"

16. THE DENISE WAGONER STORY "Photos courtesy of Drunk Busters of America  www.drunkbusters.com"

17. THE DENISE WAGONER STORY "Photos courtesy of Drunk Busters of America  www.drunkbusters.com"

18. THE DENISE WAGONER STORY "Photos courtesy of Drunk Busters of America  www.drunkbusters.com"

19. Alcohol and Driving: A Bad Mix! • Nearly one-half of all fatal traffic crashes are alcohol-related. • Approximately 21,000 people die each year in drinking-related collisions. • Having 2 drinks increases your chances of a crash 7 times. • A 16- to 19-year old driver with a blood alcohol concentration of .06 percent is 8 times as likely to be involved in a fatal crash. • At .09 percent, the probability of a fatal crash increases to 40 times.

20. Alcohol: Myths and Facts Myth Fact It is a stimulant. It has nutrients. It increases mental and physical ability. In given amounts, alcohol always affects an individual the same way. There are ways to sober up quickly. It is a depressant. It has empty calories. It decreases mental and physical ability. In given amounts, alcohol always affects the same individual differently at different times. Time is the only way to sober up.

21. THE BOTTOM LINE • Alcohol-induced impairment is the greatest contributing factor in many motor vehicle fatalities. • The basic rule underlying all safe driving is to keep your vehicle under control at all times. • Drivers who have consumed alcohol do not have complete control over themselves, and therefore cannot be in control of a vehicle. They are a danger to themselves and others.

22. QUESTIONS

23. SUMMARY

24. AGGRESSIVE DRIVING AND ROAD RAGE “It is better to get where you are going five minutes late than dying five minutes sooner.”

25. AGGRESSIVE DRIVING • DRIVING THAT IS INTENTIONALLY INCONSIDERATE OF OTHER DRIVERS • CHARACTERIZED BY INTENTIONALLY IGNORING THE RIGHTS OF OTHERS ON THE ROAD WITHOUT ANY FEELINGS OF REMORSE • AGGRESSIVE DRIVING IS A TRAFFIC OFFENSE • TAILGATING • SPEEDING • UNSAFE LANE CHANGES • FAILING TO SIGNAL INTENT

26. ROAD RAGE • A STATE OF ANGER OR HOSTILITY DIRECTED AT SOME SPECIFIC DRIVER • AGGRESSIVE DRIVING IS DIRECTED TOWARD OTHER DRIVERS IN GENERAL • THE ROAD RAGER INTENDS TO CAUSE PHYSICAL OR EMOTIONAL HARM

27. AGGRESSIVE DRIVING FACTORS • WEATHER • INCLEMENT WEATHER CAN ACTUALLY PREVENT ROAD RAGE • PEOPLE TEND TO DRIVE MORE CAUTIOUSLY WHEN ROAD CONDITIONS ARE WORSE

28. HOW TO HANDLE • WEAR SEAT BELTS • DON’T REACT ANGRILY TO AN AGGRESSIVE DRIVER/ROAD RAGER • AVOID EYE CONTACT • MANAGE TIME BETTER • PULL OFF INTO SAFE PUBLIC SPOT TO CALM DOWN OR ELUDE A ROAD RAGER • CALL POLICE

29. CAR MAINTENANCE SAFETY TIPS

30. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE • TIRE MAINTENANCE • PROPER AIR PRESSURE • MEASURE TIRE PRESSURE WHEN COLD • RECOMMENDED PRESSURE, NOT MAXIMUM PRESSURE • TREAD WEAR • ROTATE TIRES

31. TIRE FAILURE • TREAD SEPARATION • SIDEWALL BLOWOUT • USUALLY DUE TO UNDER OR OVER-INFLATED TIRES

32. TIRE FAILURE • TREAD SEPARATION • OCCURS WHEN OUTER LAYER OF TIRE PEELS AWAY FROM STEEL BELTED BODY OF TIRE • TIRE BLOWOUT • OCCURS WHEN SIDEWALL OF TIRE RUPTURES

33. HOW TO HANDLE A BLOWOUT • TIRE INSTANTLY LOSES ALL AIR & PROVIDES NO STEERING OR BRAKING ASSISTANCE • SOMETIMES A THUMPING SOUND OR STEERING WHEEL VIBRATION PROVIDES A WARNING OF AN IMPENDING BLOWOUT

34. HOW TO HANDLE A BLOWOUT • DO NOT BRAKE • MAY CAUSE YOU TO LOSE CONTROL • DON’T ATTEMPT ANY RAPID STEERING MOVEMENTS

35. HOW TO HANDLE A BLOWOUT • GRADUALLY TAKE FOOT OFF ACCELERATOR • STEER ONLY ENOUGH TO CONTINUE GOING STRAIGHT • AS VEHICLE ROLLS TO A STOP, GENTLY STEER TO SIDE OF ROAD • IF NO SHOULDER, SLOWLY DRIVE UNTIL YOU FIND A SAFE SPOT TO STOP • BUY A NEW WHEEL, VICE RISK ANOTHER CAR COLLIDING WITH YOU

36. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE • WINDSHIELD WIPERS • ENSURE THEY WORK PROPERLY • CHANGE BLADES IF: • HARD • CRACKED • BRITTLE • RECOMMEND YOU CHANGE EVERY SIX MONTHS • CHECK WINDSHIELD FLUID LEVEL

37. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE • FLUID LEVELS AND LEAKS • CRANKCASE (OIL) • TRANSMISSION • RADIATOR • BRAKE • POWER STEERING • FOLLOW MANUFACTURER’S RECOMMENDED MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE

38. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE • MIRRORS, SIGNALS AND LIGHTS • ENSURE CLEAN AND NOT BROKEN

39. VEHICLE MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE • OIL CHANGES • TUNE-UPS • BRAKE INSPECTIONS

40. REVIEW QUESTIONS& SUMMARY

41. Driving Drowsy... is a FATAL mistake!

42. Driving drowsy slows your reaction time, decreases awareness, and impairs judgment, just like drugs or alcohol. And, just like drugs and alcohol, driving drowsy can contribute to a fatal collision. Why YOU need to KNOW

43. Driver fatigue is the primary cause of at least 100,000 police-reported crashes and more than 1,500 deaths annually, according to the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). KNOW Before You GO FACT:

44. Accident rates vary during the course of the 24-hour day and mirror daily human alertness patterns. Accident rates have a peak in the mid-afternoon and an even higher peak in the overnight hours between 2 and 6 a.m. KNOW Before You GO… FACT:

45. The “DARK SIDE” FACT: Memorial Day, July 4th, Labor Day… There's a “Dark Side” to the American summer vacation season -- the inevitable news reports updating highway accident death tolls during long holiday weekends.

46. The “DARK SIDE” Although heavy travel volumes play a role in the high accident rates, most experts agree another factor is likely to blame -- increased driver fatigue (attributed to long driving hours, lack of sleep, and the demands of holiday activities).

47. Who is at RISK? Anyone who DRIVES!

48. Who is MOST at RISK? FACT: • Sleep-related crashes are most common in young people, who tend to stay up late, sleep too little, and drive at night. The peak age of occurrence is 20 years old.

49. Sleep-deprived or fatigued. • Driving long distances without rest breaks • Driving through the night. • Driving through the early afternoon. • ALL Drivers are at RISK • especially when YOU are: Who is at RISK?

50. ALL Drivers are atRISK • especially when YOU are: • Driving at times when normally asleep. • Taking medication to increase sleepiness. • Consuming any alcohol-related products. • Driving alone. • Driving on long, rural, boring roads. Who is at RISK?