1 / 75

THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II

THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II. AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE. United States: 1941 – Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor 1942 – Japanese Americans are sent to relocation centers 1945 – US Marines take Iwo Jima. World: 1941 – Hitler invades the Soviet Union

ganya
Download Presentation

THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. THE UNITED STATES IN WORLD WAR II AMERICA TURNS THE TIDE

  2. United States: 1941 – Japanese bomb Pearl Harbor 1942 – Japanese Americans are sent to relocation centers 1945 – US Marines take Iwo Jima World: 1941 – Hitler invades the Soviet Union 1942- Nazi’s develop the “final solution” for exterminating Jews 1945 – Japan surrenders after atomic bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima Timeline: What’s Happening?

  3. Section One: Mobilizing for Defense: Main Idea: Following the attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States mobilized for war. Why it Matters Now: Military industries in the United States today are a major part of the American economy. Key Terms: George Marshall Women’s Auxiliary Army Corp (WAAC) A. Philip Randolph Manhattan Project Key Terms: Office of Price Administration (OPA) War Production Board (WPB) Rationing

  4. Section 1: Objectives: • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Explain how the United States expanded its armed forces in World War II. • 2. Describe the wartime mobilization of industry, labor, scientists, and the media. • 3. Trace the efforts of the US government to control the economy and deal with alleged subversion.

  5. SECTION 1: MOBILIZING FOR DEFENSE • After Japan attacked Pearl Harbor, they thought America would avoid further conflict with them • The Japan Times newspaper said America was “trembling in their shoes” • But if America was trembling, it was with rage, not fear • “Remember Pearl Harbor” was the rallying cry as America entered WWII

  6. AMERICANS RUSH TO ENLIST • After Pearl Harbor five million Americans enlisted to fight in the war • The Selective Service expanded the draft and eventually provided an additional 10 million soldiers

  7. WOMEN JOIN THE FIGHT • Army Chief of Staff General George Marshall pushed for the formation of the Women’s Auxiliary Army Corps (WAAC) • Under this program women worked in non-combat roles such as nurses, ambulance drivers, radio operators, and pilots

  8. ALL AMERICANS FOUGHT Despite discrimination at home, minority populations contributed to the war effort • 1,000,000 African Americans served in the military • 300,000 Mexican-Americans • 33,000 Japanese Americans • 25,000 Native Americans • 13,000 Chinese Americans These “Golden 13” Great Lakes officers scored the highest marks ever on the Officers exam in 1944

  9. A PRODUCTION MIRACLE • Americans converted their auto industry into a war industry • The nation’s automobile plants began to produce tanks, planes, boats, and command cars • Many other industries also converted to war-related supplies

  10. LABOR’S CONTRIBUTION • By 1944, nearly 18 million workers were laboring in war industries (3x the # in 1941) • More than 6 million of these were women and nearly 2 million were minority

  11. MOBILIZATION OF SCIENTISTS • In 1941, FDR created the Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) to bring scientists into the war effort • Focus was on radar and sonar to locate submarines • Also the scientists worked on penicillin and pesticides like DDT

  12. MANHATTAN PROJECT • The most important achievement of the OSRD was the secret development of the atomic bomb • Einstein wrote to FDR warning him that the Germans were attempting to develop such a weapon • The code used to describe American efforts to build the bomb was the “Manhattan Project”

  13. What are your thoughts on Nuclear Warfare? • I feel that it may be necessary in war • I don’t like it, but could see why it was used • Not sure • It should never be used in warfare 25

  14. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TAKES CONTROL OF INFLATION • With prices of goods threatening to rise out of control, FDR responded by creating the Office of Price Administration (OPA) • The OPA froze prices on most goods and encouraged the purchase of war bonds to fight inflation

  15. WAR PRODUCTION BOARD • To ensure the troops had ample resources, FDR created the WPB • The WPB decided which companies would convert to wartime production and how to best allocate raw materials to those industries

  16. COLLECTION DRIVES • The WPB also organized nationwide drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags and cooking fat for recycling • Additionally, the OPA set up a system of rationing • Households had set allocations of scarce goods – gas, meat, shoes, sugar, coffee

  17. WWII Poster encouraging conservation

  18. Section Two: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Summarize the Allies’ plan for winning the war • 2. Identify events in the war in Europe • 3. Describe the liberation of Europe

  19. Section Two: The War for Europe and North Africa Main Idea: Allied forces, led by the United States and Great Britain, battle Axis powers for control of Europe and North Africa. Why it Matters Now: During World War II, the United States assumed a leading role in world affairs that continues today. Key Terms: Dwight D. Eisenhower D-Day Omar Bradley Key Terms: George Patton Battle of the Bulge V-E Day Harry S. Truman

  20. SECTION 2: THE WAR FOR EUROPE AND NORTH AFRICA • Days after Pearl Harbor, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill arrived at the White House and spent three weeks working out war plans with FDR • They decided to focus on defeating Hitler first and then turn their attention to Japan

  21. THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC • After America’s entry into the war, Hitler was determined to prevent foods and war supplies from reaching Britain and the USSR from America’s east coast • He ordered submarine raids on U.S. ships on the Atlantic • During the first four months of 1942 Germany sank 87 U.S. ships The power of the German submarines was great, and in two months' time almost two million tons of Allied ships were resting on the ocean floor. Efforts were soon made to restrict German subs' activities.

  22. ALLIES CONTROL U-BOATS • In the first seven months of 1942, German U-boats sank 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic • Something had to be done or the war at sea would be lost • First, Allies used convoys of ships & airplanes to transport supplies • Destroyers used sonar to track U-boats • Airplanes were used to track the U-boats ocean surfaces • With this improved tracking, Allies inflicted huge losses on German U-boats • US Begins to increase number of warships and by 1943: 140 Liberty Ships per month U-426 sinks after attack from the air, January 1944. Almost two-thirds of all U-boat sailors died during the Battle of the Atlantic.

  23. THE EASTERN FRONT & MEDITERRANEAN • Hitler wanted to wipe out Stalingrad – a major industrial center on the Volga River that could halt supplies going to Moscow • In the summer of 1942, the Germans took the offensive in the southern Soviet Union • Luftwaffe bombed the city in nightly raids. • Soviet officers recommended torching the city and abandoning it. • Stalin: Not a step back! Battle of Stalingrad was a huge Allied victory

  24. BATTLE OF STALINGRAD • For weeks the Germans pressed in on Stalingrad (Brutal hand to hand combat) • Then winter set in and the Germans were wearing summer uniforms • Hitler’s advisors urged him to retreat: “I won’t go back from the Volga!” • By January 1943: Germans were starved, frost-bitten, and lice-ridden • The Germans surrendered 2/2/1943: 91,000 of the original 330,000 survived • BUT: • The Soviets lost more than a million soldiers and civilians. Wounded in the Battle of Stalingrad

  25. THE NORTH AFRICAN FRONT • “Operation Torch” – an invasion of Axis -controlled North Africa --was launched by American General Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1942 • Allied troops landed in Casablanca, Oran and the Algiers in Algeria • They sped eastward chasing the Afrika Korps led by German General Erwin Rommel • Germans surrendered in May 1943 American tanks roll in the deserts of Africa and defeat German and Axis forces

  26. CASABLANCA MEETING • FDR and Churchill met in Casablanca and decided their next moves • 1) Plan amphibious invasions of France and Italy (Start with Italy=weaker) • 2) Only unconditional surrender would be accepted FDR and Churchill in Casablanca

  27. ITALIAN CAMPAIGN – ANOTHER ALLIED VICTORY • The Italian Campaign got off to a good start as the Allies easily took Sicily • At that point King Emmanuel III stripped Mussolini of his power and had him arrested • However, Hitler’s forces continued to resist the Allies in Italy and he reinstated Mussolini as leader. • Heated battles ensued and it wasn’t until 1945 that Italy was secured by the Allies • Mussolini was shot and hung in Milan Square • Mussolini and his mistress Clara Petacci

  28. TUSKEGEE AIRMEN • Among the brave men who fought in Italy were pilots of the all-black 99th squadron – the Tuskegee Airmen • The pilots made numerous effective strikes against Germany and won two distinguished Unit Citations

  29. On May 31, 1943, the 99th Squadron, the first group of African-American pilots trained at the Tuskegee Institute, arrived in North Africa

  30. ALLIES LIBERATE EUROPE Allies sent fake coded messages indicating they would attack here • Even as the Allies were battling for Italy, they began plans on a dramatic invasion of France • It was known as “Operation Overlord” and the commander was American General Dwight D. Eisenhower • Also called “D-Day,” the operation involved 3 million U.S. & British troops and was set for June 6, 1944

  31. D-DAY JUNE 6, 1944 • D-Day was the largest land-sea-air operation in military history • Despite air support, German retaliation was brutal – especially at Omaha Beach • Within a month, the Allies had landed 1 million troops, 567,000 tons of supplies and 170,000 vehicles D-Day was an amphibious landing – soldiers going from sea to land

  32. OMAHA BEACH 6/6/44

  33. Landing at Normandy

  34. Planes drop paratroopers behind enemy lines at Normandy, France

  35. Losses were extremely heavy on D-Day

  36. Why is D-Day one of the most remembered moments in war history? • Because the American and British forces worked together • Because the soldiers took Normandy against all odds • Hitler’s troops were most focused at Normandy • D-Day won the war for the Allies 25

  37. FRANCE FREED • By September 1944, the Allies had freed France, Belgium and Luxembourg • That good news – and the American’s people’s desire not to “change horses in midstream” – helped elect FDR to an unprecedented 4th term General George Patton (right) was instrumental in Allies freeing France

  38. BATTLE OF THE BULGE • In October 1944, Americans captured their first German town (Aachen)– the Allies were closing in • Hitler responded with one last ditch massive offensive • Hitler hoped breaking through the Allied line would break up Allied supply lines

  39. BATTLE OF THE BULGE • The battle raged for a month – the Germans had been pushed back • Little seemed to have changed, but in fact the Germans had sustained heavy losses • Germany lost 120,000 troops, 600 tanks and 1,600 planes • From that point on the Nazis could do little but retreat The Battle of the Bulge was Germany’s last gasp

  40. LIBERATION OF DEATH CAMPS • While the British and Americans moved westward into Germany, the Soviets moved eastward into German-controlled Poland • The Soviets discovered many death camps that the Germans had set up within Poland • The Americans also liberated Nazi death camps within Germany

  41. ALLIES TAKE BERLIN; HITLER COMMITS SUICIDE • By April 25, 1945, the Soviet army had stormed Berlin • In his underground headquarters in Berlin, Hitler prepared for the end • On April 29, he married his longtime girlfriend Eva Braun then wrote a last note in which he blamed the Jews for starting the war and his generals for losing it • The next day he gave poison to his wife and shot himself

  42. V-E DAY • General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the Third Reich • On May 8, 1945, the Allies celebrated V-E Day – victory in Europe Day • The war in Europe was finally over

  43. Famous picture of an American soldier celebrating the end of the war

  44. FDR DIES; TRUMAN PRESIDENT • President Roosevelt did not live to see V-E Day • On April 12, 1945, he suffered a stroke and died– his VP Harry S Truman became the nation’s 33rd president

  45. Section Three: Objectives • By the end of this lesson, I will be able to: • 1. Identify key turning points in the war in the Pacific • 2. Describe the Allied offensive against the Japanese • 3. Explain both the development of the Atomic Bomb and debates about its use. • 4. Describe the challenges faced by the Allies in building a just and lasting peace.

  46. Section Three: The War in the Pacific Main Idea: In order to defeat Japan and end the war in the Pacific, the United States unleashed a terrible new weapon, the atomic bomb. Why it Matters Now: Countries of the modern world struggle to find ways to prevent the use of nuclear weapons. Key Terms: Douglas MacArthur Chester Nimitz Battle of Midway Kamikaze Key Terms: J. Robert Oppenheimer Hiroshima Nagasaki Nuremberg Trials

  47. SECTION 3: THE WAR IN THE PACIFIC • The Americans did not celebrate long, as Japan was busy conquering an empire that dwarfed Hitler’s Third Reich • Japan had conquered much of southeast Asia including the Dutch East Indies, Guam, and most of China

More Related