MR. LIPMAN’S AP GOVERNMENT POWER POINT FOR CHAPTER 4

1. MR. LIPMAN’S AP GOVERNMENT POWER POINT FOR CHAPTER 4 STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT

2. state and local governments derive their power from state constitutionsissue of sovereign immunity11th amendment (Chisholm v. Georgia 1794) and the Judiciary Act of 1789

3. The “one-person, one-vote” principle required __________. A constitutional amendment to become affective each citizen to vote regardless of whether they wanted to or not each person to cast only one ballot rather than the traditional two each legislative district within a state to have the same number of eligible voters so that representation would be equitable each person to be taxed every time they voted in a local or state, but not federal, election

4. The “one-person, one-vote” principle required __________. A constitutional amendment to become affective each citizen to vote regardless of whether they wanted to or not each person to cast only one ballot rather than the traditional two each legislative district within a state to have the same number of eligible voters so that representation would be equitable each person to be taxed every time they voted in a local or state, but not federal, election

5. The principle of “one man-one vote” and Baker v. Carr (1962) • Gerrymandering and the state legislature • Line item veto power of governor over budget • Rule of Inclusion (state courts enforcing fed laws in times of conflicting statutes)

6. CRIMINAL POWERS OF GOVERNOR • 1. Pardon • 2. Commute • 3. Parole • 4. Extradite

7. State Legislatures To Learning Objectives Most powerful state entity Have become professional (full time, salaried) Bicameral except for Nebraska Only fifteen states have term limits

8. STATE LEGISLATURE ISSUES • 1. Term limits • 2. Direct Initiative (people do it all) • 3. InDirect Initiative ( leg. “lets” people vote) • 4. Recall petitions • 5. Referendums • 6. Judicial selections (merit, appointment, vote)

9. What does the inclusionary principal suggest? All citizens should be included in the decision making process at the state and local level. All legislators should be included in every legislative session regardless of legal status. Judges require all witnesses related to a case to testify in front of a grand jury. When state laws conflict with federal laws, states are obliged to enforce the federal law.

10. What does the inclusionary principal suggest? All citizens should be included in the decision making process at the state and local level. All legislators should be included in every legislative session regardless of legal status. Judges require all witnesses related to a case to testify in front of a grand jury. When state laws conflict with federal laws, states are obliged to enforce the federal law. To Learning Objectives

11. Local Governments and Municipalities • 1. Dillon’s Rule (municipality derives power from state legislatures exclusively) • 2. Non-Partisan elections (no party on ballot) • 3. Political Machines • 4. Municipal Charters • 5. Counties

12. What is one reason why Republicans made large gains in state elections from 1994 to 2000? The marketing strategies became more sophisticated with the help of professional marketing companies. The liberal ideologies that Democrats had been espousing since the 1960s became dated and out of touch with the average “hard working/real” American. Republicans found charismatic leadership in their new House Majority leader Newt Gingrich. Southern voters who had been voting for conservative Democrats began voting for conservative Republicans.

13. What is one reason why Republicans made large gains in state elections from 1994 to 2000? The marketing strategies became more sophisticated with the help of professional marketing companies. The liberal ideologies that Democrats had been espousing since the 1960s became dated and out of touch with the average “hard working/real” American. Republicans found charismatic leadership in their new House Majority leader Newt Gingrich. Southern voters who had been voting for conservative Democrats began voting for conservative Republicans.

14. Indian Issues • 1. Domestic Dependant Nations (rely on Fed government for tribal authority) • 2. Reservation Lands (designated by treaty) • 3. Trust Lands (owned outright by Indians who acquired it by purchase) • **Both state and property tax exempt in most cases**

15. State Monetary Issues • 1. Must have balanced budgets every year • 2. Rely primarily on income, property, and sale taxes for revenue • 3. Growth of lotteries and gambling as revenue sources • 4. Approx. ¼ of budget revenue from Fed.Govt • 5. Progressive, Proportional, Regressive Taxes • 6. Schools and the Finance Issue

16. What are the sources of state and local government revenue?

17. Federal dollars have come in handy for states in recent years due to stiffer requirements for what? Enhanced security Drunk driving laws Parks and recreation services Gun laws Voter rights laws

18. Federal dollars have come in handy for states in recent years due to stiffer requirements for what? Enhanced security Drunk driving laws Parks and recreation services Gun laws Voter rights laws